J. BLAINE ANDERSON, Circuit Judge:
This case arose out of a shooting which occurred on March 14, 1980, in which officer Randall Fitt of the Napa Special Investigations Bureau shot Steven Rinker in the face during a drug raid. A jury found appellants liable for battery and negligence and for violating 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Appellants moved for judgment notwithstanding the verdict ("JNOV") on the § 1983 violation. The district court denied the motion. We reverse...
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