UNITED STATES v. VARBEL

Nos. 84-1231, 84-1248, 84-1250 and 84-1251.

780 F.2d 758 (1986)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Duane N. VARBEL, Defendant-Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Roy OSBORN, Defendant-Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Larren SCHMIDT, Defendant-Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Robert John BRYAN, Defendant-Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Decided January 10, 1986.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Susan A. Ehrlich, Asst. U.S. Atty., Phoenix, Ariz., for the U.S.

Gary L. Thomas, Phoenix, Ariz., for Varbel.

James Hamilton Kemper, Emmet Ronan, Phoenix, Ariz., for Osborn.

William A. Cohan, Denver, Colo., for Schmidt.

Donald W. MacPherson, MacPherson, McCarville, P.A., Joseph Rocco, Phoenix, Ariz., for Bryan.

Before ANDERSON, BEEZER, and BRUNETTI, Circuit Judges.


BEEZER, Circuit Judge:

The conversion of cash into funds that may be exchanged easily without a trace of their origin is a recognized problem for law enforcement officials. Money laundering is common among narcotics traffickers, tax evaders and organized crime figures. The substantive crimes alleged in the indictment at issue involve the concept of "money laundering."

Appellants were convicted of wire fraud, conspiracy...

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