POLLGREEN v. MORRIS

No. 84-5217.

770 F.2d 1536 (1985)

Thomas C. POLLGREEN, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Raymond A. MORRIS, District Director of the United States Immigration & Naturalization Service, et al., Defendants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

September 17, 1985.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Robert Kendall, Jr., Thomas W. Hussey, Office of Immigration Litigation, Civil Div., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., for defendants-appellants.

Diane R. Tolbert, New York City, for plaintiffs-appellees.

Before RONEY and TJOFLAT, Circuit Judges, and BROWN, Senior Circuit Judge.


JOHN R. BROWN, Circuit Judge:

Nineteen vessel owners, managing agents, and Captains ("vessel owners") of thirty fishing vessels participated in the "Cuban Refugee Freedom Flotilla" from April through June 1980. After their vessels were seized and fines were exacted by the Immigration and Naturalization Service ("the agency") the vessel owners challenged the agency's actions in the district court. The agency determined that duress was not a defense to the fines imposed...

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