THORNBERRY, Circuit Judge:
The question presented in this case is whether United Gas Pipe Line Company ("United") may "roll-in" to all of its sales the cost of natural gas purchased under Sections 311(b) and 312 ("Sections 311 and 312") of the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 ("NGPA"), 15 U.S.C. §§ 3371(b), 3372. Because we agree with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC" or "the Commission") that rolled-in pricing of Sections 311 and 312 gas is not unduly discriminatory and does not violate established Commission precedent, we affirm FERC's orders on the roll-in issue in this case.
I.
This proceeding began on May 31, 1978 when United filed with FERC a proposed increase in the rates
One of the primary contenders in the Section 5 investigation was Laclede Gas Company, the petitioner here. Laclede is a Missouri public utility which distributes natural gas to residential, commercial and industrial customers in the St. Louis area. Laclede purchases all of its natural gas from Mississippi River Transmission Corporation, which, in turn, purchases most of its supply from United.
Intervenor United is a major interstate pipeline involved in the transportation and sale of natural gas. United serves two markets: jurisdictional and nonjurisdictional customers. Jurisdictional customers are those whose rates are regulated by FERC;
Since the natural gas shortages of the 1970's, United has operated under various curtailment plans for determining distribution of available gas supplies among its customers.
In determining the allocation of the cost of gas it purchases to supply its customers, United follows the practice of rolled-in pricing. This means that each customer pays the average cost of all the gas that is purchased during a particular period. No attempt is made to connect any specific purchase of gas to a specific customer; all share gas acquisition costs equally. See H. Williams & C. Meyers, Oil and Gas Terms 508-09 (4th ed. 1976) quoted in Laclede Gas Co. v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 670 F.2d 38, 39 (5th Cir.1982).
Traditionally, the Commission has endorsed the practice of rolled-in pricing unless it would lead to an unfair result. United Gas Pipe Line v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 649 F.2d 1110, 1115 (5th Cir.1981), quoting Colorado Interstate Gas
After enactment of the NGPA in 1978 and before this court rendered its decision in the United case, United discontinued making emergency purchases and began making high-priced purchases under NGPA Section 311. Sections 311 and 312 authorize intrastate pipelines to sell natural gas to interstate pipelines like United, or to assign them contractual rights to receive surplus gas. Laclede argues in this case that the Sections 311 and 312 gas was merely a substitute for the prior purchase of emergency gas and that therefore rolled-in pricing of Sections 311 and 312 gas should be prohibited under the United rationale.
The Administrative Law Judge found that rolled-in costing of Sections 311 and 312 gas was not unduly discriminatory. United Gas Pipe Line Co., 16 F.E.R.C. ¶ 63,044 (September 4, 1981). FERC agreed in Opinion Nos. 159 and 159-A.
II.
An agency must either conform to its prior precedent or explain its reasoning for departure from that precedent. Mississippi Valley Gas Co. v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 659 F.2d 488, 506 (5th Cir.1981). Laclede's argument essentially is that the similarities between emergency gas and Sections 311-312 gas are such that the allowance of rolled-in pricing in this case violates past precedent as established by the United case. We do not agree.
First of all, the United case by its terms referred only to emergency gas transactions. Furthermore, although similarities do exist between the emergency program and Sections 311-312 gas, FERC correctly stated in Opinion No. 159-A that the policies behind the two programs differ substantially. Emergency gas may be purchased only when the pipeline is in curtailment, when curtailment is imminent, or when the pipeline must meet a sudden unexpected increase in demand. 18 C.F.R. § 157.46(a). By contrast, Sections 311 and 312 gas may be purchased at any time. The House Ad Hoc Committee on Energy stated in reference to the House precursor to NGPA Sections 311-312: "The amendment facilitates development of a national natural gas transportation network without subjecting intrastate pipelines, already regulated by State agencies, to FPC regulation over the entirety of their operations." H.R.Rep. No. 543, 95th Cong., 1st Sess. 45 (1977), U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 1978, pp. 7659, 7712. See Ringleb, Natural Gas Producer Price Regulation Under the NGPA: Regulatory Failure, Alternatives, and Reform, 20 Houston L.Rev. 709, 722 n. 66 ("The most obvious intent of Congress [in § 311] was to provide a mechanism allowing the surplus gas in the intrastate market to be sold to the interstate market.") See also Moody & Garten, The Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978: Analysis and Overview, 25 Rocky Mtn.Min.L.Inst. 2-1, 63 (1979). While the emergency gas program was designed to allow transfer of gas between the intrastate and interstate markets in times
As FERC points out, the statutory time frames of emergency gas and Sections 311-312 gas also differ. Emergency gas transactions are limited to sixty days. 18 C.F.R. § 157.48(b). The initial Section 311 gas purchases may be as long as two years, and additional two year extensions may be authorized. Section 312 does not limit the duration of an assignment under Section 312 of an intrastate pipeline's right to purchase surplus gas.
Other distinctions between emergency gas and Sections 311-312 gas are thoroughly explicated by both the Administrative Law Judge and by FERC. Because Sections 311 and 312 purchases were intended to do more than forestall temporary emergency situations, the Commission concluded that Sections 311-312 gas is an integral part of United's overall supply. Unlike emergency gas, Sections 311-312 gas is not purchased solely for the benefit of one priority group in the curtailment plan. Thus FERC determined it to be just and reasonable for the cost of Sections 311-312 gas to be rolled-in to the costs of all customers. See United Gas Pipe Line v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 649 F.2d 1110, 1115 (5th Cir.1981). See also Battle Creek Gas Co. v. Federal Power Commission, 281 F.2d 42, 46 (D.C.Cir.1960). Rather than an unexplained departure from past precedent, we find the Commission's decision to be a reasoned explanation of why the differences between emergency gas and Sections 311-312 gas justify rolled-in pricing in the 311-312 case. Accordingly, Order Nos. 159 and 159-A are
AFFIRMED.
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