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UNITED STATES v. MUSSRY

No. 83-5093.

726 F.2d 1448 (1984)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. David MUSSRY, Elsa Singman Nee Mussry, Lily Judah Nee Mussry, also known as Lulu, Nasim Mussry, Jack Sassoon Nee Mussry, Moses Aslan, Mordecai Sassoon, also known as Moody Sassoon, also known as Maudy Sassoon, Saul Mizrahie, Al Mizrahie, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Decided March 1, 1984.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Walter Barnett, Louise A. Lerner, Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., for plaintiff-appellant.

John D. Vandevelde, Los Angeles, Cal., Harold Greenberg, Sherman Oaks, Cal., for defendants-appellees.

Before FARRIS and REINHARDT, Circuit Judges, and SOLOMON, District Judge.

REINHARDT, Circuit Judge:

The defendants were indicted on charges of holding individuals in peonage and involuntary servitude. The district court dismissed most of the counts. It concluded that those counts failed to sufficiently charge the defendants with a "holding" in involuntary servitude under 18 U.S.C. §§ 1581, 1583, and 1584 (1982) because they failed to allege that the defendants used or threatened to use law or force. We hold that a violation of...

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