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IN RE FINE PAPER ANTITRUST LITIGATION

Nos. 81-2341 to 81-2350.

685 F.2d 810 (1982)

In re FINE PAPER ANTITRUST LITIGATION. (Ten cases) The STATE OF ALASKA, on its own behalf and on behalf of its cities, boroughs, and other political subdivisions v. BOISE CASCADE CORPORATION, a Delaware Corporation; Champion International Corporation, A New York Corporation; Crown Zellerbach Corporation, a Nevada Corporation; Great Northern Nekoosa Corporation, A Maine Corporation; Hammermill Paper Company, a Pennsylvania Corporation; International Paper Company, a New York Corporation; Kimberly Clark Corporation, a Delaware Corporation; The Mead Corporation, an Ohio Corporation; Potlatch Corporation, a Delaware Corporation; Scott Paper Company, a Pennsylvania Corporation; St. Regis Paper Company, a New York Corporation; Union Camp Corporation, a Virginia Corporation; Wausau Paper Mills Co., a Wisconsin Corporation; Westvaco Corporation, a Delaware Corporation; Weyerhaeuser Company, a Washington Corporation; Blake, Moffitt & Towne, Inc., a Division of Saxon Industries, Inc., a New York Corporation; Western Paper Company, a Division of Hammermill Paper Company, a Pennsylvania Corporation; and Zellerbach Paper Company, a Division of Crown Zellerbach Corporation, a Nevada Corporation. Appeal of STATE OF ALASKA, in No. 81-2341. STATE OF COLORADO v. BOISE CASCADE CORPORATION, Champion International Corporation, Crown Zellerbach Corporation, d/b/a Zellerbach Paper Company, Great Northern Nekoosa Corporation, Hammermill Paper Company, International Paper Company, Kimberly Clark Corporation, The Mead Corporation, Potlatch Corporation, Scott Paper Company, St. Regis Paper Company, Union Camp Corporation, Wausau Paper Mills Company, Westvaco Corporation, Weyerhaeuser Company, Butler Paper Company and Dixon Paper Company. Appeal of STATE OF COLORADO, in No. 81-2342. STATE OF WASHINGTON, on behalf of itself and its public entities v. BOISE CASCADE CORP., Champion International Corporation, Hammermill Paper Company, International Paper Company, Potlatch, Inc., Scott Paper Company, St. Regis Paper Company, Weyerhaeuser Company, Blake, Moffitt & Towne, Inc., a Division of Saxon Industries, Inc., Carpenter-Offutt Paper Company, Inc. a Division of Unisource Corp., Zellerbach Paper Company, a Division of Crown Zellerbach Corporation. Appeal of STATE OF WASHINGTON, in No. 81-2343. STATE OF MISSOURI v. BOISE CASCADE CORPORATION, Champion International Corporation, Crown Zellerbach Corporation, Great Northern Nekoosa Corporation, Hammermill Paper Company, International Paper Company, Kimberly Clark Corporation, The Mead Corporation, Potlatch Corporation, Scott Paper Company, St. Regis Paper Company, Union Camp Corporation, Wausau Paper Mills Company, Westvaco Corporation, Weyerhaeuser Company Corporation, Butler Paper Company, Graham Paper Company, Bermingham & Prosser Company, Distribix, Inc. Paper Supply Company, and Shaughnessy-Kniep-Hawe Paper Company. Appeal of STATE OF MISSOURI, in No. 81-2344. The STATE OF OREGON, on its own behalf and on behalf of its cities, counties, and other political subdivisions, v. BOISE CASCADE CORPORATION, Champion International Corporation, Crown Zellerbach Corporation, Great Northern Nekoosa Corporation, Hammermill Paper Company, International Paper Company, Kimberly Clark Corporation, The Mead Corporation, Potlatch Corporation, Scott Paper Company, St. Regis Paper Company, Union Camp Corporation, Wausau Paper Mills Company, Westvaco Corporation, Weyerhaeuser Company, Blake, Moffitt & Towne, Division of Saxon Industries, Inc., Carpenter-Offutt Paper Company, Division of Unisource Corporation, Western Paper Company, Division of Hammermill Paper Company, and Zellerbach Paper Company, Division of Crown Zellerbach Corporation. Appeal of STATE OF OREGON, in No. 81-2345. The STATE OF CALIFORNIA, on behalf of itself and all political subdivisions, public agencies and districts within the State similarly situated v. BOISE CASCADE CORPORATION, Champion International Corporation, Crown Zellerbach Corporation, Great Northern Nekoosa Corporation, Hammermill Paper Company, International Paper Company, Kimberly Clark Corporation, The Mead Corporation, Potlatch Corporation, Scott Paper Company, St. Regis Paper Company, Union Camp Corporation, Wausau Paper Mills Company, Westvaco Corporation, Weyerhaeuser Company, Butler Paper Company, an affiliate of Great Northern Nekoosa Corp., J. C. Paper Company, an affiliate of Wausau Paper Mills Co., Nationwide Papers, Incorporated, a division of Champion International Corp., Seaboard Paper Company, an affiliate of Mead Corp., Zellerbach Paper Company, a division of Crown Zellerbach Corp., Blake, Moffitt & Towne, a division of Saxon Industries, Inc., Carpenter-Offutt Paper Company, a division of Unisource Corp., Ingram Paper Company and Noland Paper Company (Carpenter/Offutt Paper Co.). Appeal of STATE OF CALIFORNIA, in No. 81-2346. NEBRASKA, STATE OF v. BOISE CASCADE CORPORATION, Champion International Corporation, Great Northern Nekoosa Corporation, Hammermill Paper Company, International Paper Company, The Mead Corporation, Potlatch Corporation, Scott Paper Company, St. Regis Paper Company, Union Camp Corporation, Wausau Paper Mills Co., Westvaco Corporation, Weyerhaeuser Company, Crown Zellerbach Corporation, Kimberly Clark and Western Paper Co., a Division of Hammermill Paper Company. Appeal of STATE OF NEBRASKA, in No. 81-2347. STATE OF IOWA, By its Attorney General, Richard C. TURNER v. BOISE CASCADE CORP.; Champion International Corporation; The Mead Corporation; Great Northern Nekoosa Corporation; Hammermill Paper Company; International Paper Company; Potlatch Corporation; Scott Paper Company; St. Regis Paper Company; Union Camp Corporation; Wausau Paper Mills Co.; Westvaco Corp.; and Weyerhaeuser Company. Appeal of STATE OF IOWA, in No. 81-2348. MONTANA, STATE OF v. BOISE CASCADE CORP.; Champion International Corp.; Great Northern Nekoosa Corp.; Hammermill Paper Co.; International Paper Co.; Mead Corp.; The Potlatch Corp.; Scott Paper Co.; St. Regis Paper Co.; Union Camp Corp.; Wausau Paper Mills Co.; Westvaco Corp.; Weyerhaeuser Co.; Crown Zellerbach Corp.; and Kimberly Clark. Appeal of STATE OF MONTANA, in No. 81-2349. STATE OF ARKANSAS v. BOISE CASCADE CORPORATION, Champion International Corporation, Crown Zellerbach Corporation, Great Northern Nekoosa Corporation, Hammermill Paper Company, International Paper Company, Kimberly Clark Corporation, The Mead Corporation, Potlatch Corporation, Scott Paper Company, St. Regis Paper Company, Union Camp Corporation, Wausau Paper Mills Company, Westvaco Corporation, Western Paper Company, Graham Paper Company. Appeal of STATE OF ARKANSAS, in No. 81-2350.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Decided July 16, 1982.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Louise E. Ma, Mark E. Ashburn, Asst. Atty. Gen., Anchorage, Alaska, for appellant State of Alaska in No. 81-2341.

Thomas P. McMahon, Asst. Atty. Gen., Antitrust Unit, Enforcement Section, Dept. of Law, Denver, Colo., for appellant State of Colo. in No. 81-2342.

John R. Ellis, James Kirkham Johns (Argued), Asst. Atty. Gen., Seattle, Wash., for appellant State of Wash. in Nos. 81-2342 and 81-2343.

William Newcomb, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jefferson City, Mo., for appellant State of Mo. in No. 81-2344.

Richard L. Caswell, Antitrust Div., Dept. of Justice, Salem, Or., for appellant State of Or. in No. 81-2345.

Patricia A. Cutler, Charles M. Kagay, Dept. of Justice, San Francisco, Cal., for appellant State of Cal. in No. 81-2346.

Dale A. Comer, Dept. of Justice, Lincoln, Neb., for appellant State of Neb. in No. 81-2347.

John R. Perkins, Antitrust Div., Dept. of Justice, Des Moines, Iowa, for appellant State of Iowa in No. 81-2348.

Jerome J. Cate, Asst. Atty. Gen., Antitrust Enforcement Bureau, Helena, Mont., for appellant State of Mont. in No. 81-2349.

Callis L. Childs, Antitrust Div., Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, Ark., for appellant State of Ark. in No. 81-2350.

Patrick W. Kittredge, Kittredge, Kaufman & Donley, Philadelphia, Pa., Liaison Counsel for all appellees and for The Mead Corp.

Reed E. Hundt, James R. Asperger, Latham, Watkins & Hills, Washington, D. C., John P. Borgwardt, Boise Cascade Corp., Portland, Or., for appellee Boise Cascade Corp.

Gordon B. Spivack, Norman H. Seidler, Stephen Hogan, James R. Eiszner, Jr., Lord, Day & Lord, New York City, for appellee Champion Intern. Corp.

William R. Norfolk, Bruce E. Clark, William H. Knull, III, Martin J. Conlon, Sullivan & Cromwell, New York City, for appellee Crown Zellerbach Corp.

Richard K. Decker, Michael P. Comiskey, Lord, Bissell & Brook, Chicago, Ill., for appellee Great Northern Nekoosa Corp. and Butler Paper Co.

Howard Adler, Jr., Marc S. Palay, Gregory J. Vogt, Bergson, Borkland, Margolis & Adler, Washington, D. C., for appellee Hammermill Paper Co.

Erwin C. Heininger, Ned Robertson, John T. Hundley, Mayer, Brown & Platt, Chicago, Ill., for appellee Intern. Paper Co.

H. Blair White (Argued), Nathan P. Eimer, Sidley & Austin, Chicago, Ill., for appellee Kimberly-Clark Corp.

Harold F. Baker, Alan Wiseman, Robert M. Bruskin, Scott E. Flick, Howrey & Simon, Washington, D. C., for appellee The Mead Corp.

Robert B. Owen, Covington & Burling, Washington, D. C., Norman M. Heisman, James A. Corrodi, Scott Paper Co., Philadelphia, Pa., for appellee Scott Paper Co.

Stephen C. Neal, Joel G. Chefitz, Kirkland & Ellis, Chicago, Ill., for appellee Weyerhaeuser Co.

Before ALDISERT, GIBBONS and HIGGINBOTHAM, Circuit Judges.

OPINION OF THE COURT

ALDISERT, Circuit Judge.

These consolidated appeals present several procedural issues arising from a complex antitrust proceeding. Ten states, plaintiffs below, appeal from judgments entered on a jury verdict in their actions for treble damages alleging a nationwide price-fixing conspiracy in violation of § 1 of the Sherman Act. The defendants did not offer any evidence at trial, but rested at the close of the plaintiffs' case;...

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