Hugh L. CAREY, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
Philip M. KLUTZNICK, et al., Defendants-Appellants.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.https://leagle.com/images/logo.png
Argued February 20, 1981.
Decided June 12, 1981.
Attorney(s) appearing for the Case
Steven E. Obus, New York City (John S. Martin, U.S. Atty., S.D.N.Y., Jane E. Booth, Susan M. Campbell, Michael H. Dolinger, Gaines Gwathmey, III, Thomas D. Warren, Asst. U.S. Attys., New York City, of counsel), for defendants-appellants.
Peter Bienstock, New York City (Robert Abrams, Atty. Gen. of the State of New York, Robert Hermann, Daniel Berger, New York City, of counsel), for plaintiffs-appellees Hugh L. Carey and the State of New York.
Frederick A. O. Schwartz, Jr., New York City (Cravath, Swaine & Moore, Robert S. Rifkind, John A. Redmon, Roger D. Einerson, Daniel J. Danser, Mark P. Schnapp, David A. Barrett, Michael J. Malone, David B. Watkiss, Morris Waisbrot, Ellen S. Oran, Jeffrey D. Chansler, Alan R. Glickman, Genevieve A. Harris, Thomas S. Szatkowski, New York City, of counsel), for plaintiffs-appellees Alan Chou, Rose L. Dawson, Samuel Lefkowitz, Michael Loizou, Edwin Martinez, Walter E. Marx, Brunilda Pacheco and Lemuel Stanislaus.
Alan G. Schwartz, Corp. Counsel for The City of New York, New York City (Mary McCorry, New York City, of counsel), for plaintiffs-appellees Edward I. Koch and The City of New York.
Allan Blumstein, New York City (Paul Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, Aryeh S. Friedman, New York City, of counsel), amicus curiae, for the American Jewish Committee.
Jim Leach, Washington, D.C. (Member of Congress), amicus curiae, pro se.
Jack Greenberg, New York City (N.A.A.C.P. Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Bill Lann Lee, Beth Lief, Judith Reed, New York City, of counsel), amicus curiae, for the N.A.A.C.P. Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc.
Vilma S. Martinez, San Francisco, Cal. (Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Morris J. Baller, Mike S. Bernick, San Francisco, Cal., of counsel), M.D. Taracido, New York City (Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Robert L. Becker, New York City, of counsel), amici curiae, for the National Council of La Raza, Aspira of America, National Concilio of America, National Puerto Rican Forum and United Bronx Parents.
Steven R. Shapiro, New York City (New York Civil Liberties Union, Arthur Eisenberg, New York City, of counsel), Bruce J. Ennis, New York City (American Civil Liberties Union, New York City) amici curiae, for the New York Civil Liberties Union and American Civil Liberties Union.
John J. Gunther, Washington, D.C. (United States Conference of Mayors, Stephen C. Chapple, Washington, D.C., of counsel), amicus curiae, for the United States Conference of Mayors.
Before VAN GRAAFEILAND and MESKILL, Circuit Judges, and STEWART, District Judge.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
VAN GRAAFEILAND, Circuit Judge:
When the first federal census was conducted in 1790, the total population of the United States was less than 4,000,000.1 New York City, the country's largest municipality, had only 33,000 inhabitants.2 Despite these relatively small numbers, the census, which was conducted by United States Marshals, did not go smoothly. Transportation and communication were inadequate.
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