OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING SUPERVISORY CONTROL
SHEEHY, Justice.
Relator, Great Western Sugar Company, filed its application with this Court, praying that we issue a writ of supervisory control or other appropriate writ to the District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District, in and for Yellowstone County, upon the following facts:
On September 20, 1979, Jim R. Shelton filed his amended complaint in cause no. 71515 in the Yellowstone County District Court, naming as defendants Kober Farms, Inc., Great Western Sugar Company and Silver Engineering Works.
In that amended complaint, Jim R. Shelton alleged that on October 4, 1976 in the
Kober Farms, Inc. filed a response to the amended complaint, denying in general the allegations of the amended complaint raising affirmative defenses, and including a cross claim against Great Western Sugar Company based either upon indemnity or upon contribution. Great Western Sugar Company moved to dismiss the plaintiff's amended complaint against it, and the cross-claim of defendant Kober Farms, Inc. against it, on the grounds that the pleadings in each case failed to state a claim against Great Western Sugar Company upon which relief could be granted.
The allegations upon which Jim R. Shelton claims to be entitled to relief against Great Western Sugar Company are these:
The District Court on January 11, 1980, granted the motion to dismiss the cross-claim of Kober Farms, Inc. against Great Western. In the same order, it denied Great Western's motion to dismiss the amended complaint of Shelton against it.
Upon receipt of the application from Great Western, and after considering the same, we ordered responses to be filed by all the interested parties. Such responses have been received from the plaintiff, Jim R. Shelton, and from the defendant, Kober Farms, Inc. After considering the application, the responses, and the documents filed in connection therewith, and the memoranda of the parties, we have concluded that this is a proper case to assume jurisdiction and to issue an order of supervisory control directed to the said District Court ordering the dismissal of the amended complaint against Great Western. Our reasons follow:
Kober's response is that Great Western Sugar Company, as the employer of the plaintiff, because it has supplied Workers' Compensation coverage to the plaintiff, is entitled to recover, if plaintiff is successful, at least 50 percent and perhaps 100 percent of the monies which it has paid to plaintiff as Workers' Compensation benefits. Kober further contends that we are thus presented with a case where an employer which might itself have been negligent in a substantial degree as a proximate cause of Shelton's injuries will nevertheless enrich itself by its subrogation interest in the outcome of Shelton's lawsuit. Kober therefore supports Shelton's opposition to the dismissal in the lower court, and the grant of a writ or order in this cause.
Section 39-71-411, MCA, under the Workers' Compensation Act, provides that the "employer is not subject to any liability whatever" to an injured employee except under the Act itself. Western contends that this exclusivity provision applies here and insulates the employer Great Western, from the cause of action claimed by Shelton, the employee.
On the other hand, Shelton contends that under the allegations of his amended complaint, as we have set them forth previously, Great Western, by wantonly, maliciously and carelessly placing the plaintiff in a position of danger, has committed the equivalent of an intentional harm; that applying the exclusivity clause to the contractual agreement of employment between Great Western and Shelton, under principles of contract law, would be against public policy as enunciated in section 28-2-702, MCA; and that since the quid pro quo for the adoption of Workers' Compensation Acts was the elimination of defenses or contributory negligence, assumption of risk, and the fellow servant rule, which defenses do not apply to intentional torts, that the exclusivity clause should not apply in Shelton's case. Shelton also contends that Great Western has not made out a proper case for supervisory control.
In Enberg v. Anaconda Company (1971), 158 Mont. 135, 489 P.2d 1036, we held that where a plaintiff's complaint did not allege intentional injury by the defendant employer, any claim for relief was barred by the exclusive remedy provisions of the Workers' Compensation law; 158 Mont. at 137, 138, 489 P.2d at 1037. Although the charges in Shelton's complaint against Great Western, set forth above, are broadly stated, they fall short of intentional tort, and therefore do not state such a claim against the employer as would serve to override the exclusivity provision of the Workers' Compensation Act. See State ex rel. City of Havre v. District Court (1980), Mont., 609 P.2d 275, 37 St.Rep. 552.
Since intentional tort against Great Western is not alleged, but only negligence, however wanton or malicious, the right of
Our holding that the allegations of Shelton's complaint do not constitute a claim of intentional tort disposes of Shelton's contention that the exclusivity rule should not apply here. The quid pro quo on which Shelton claims we should have ignored the exclusivity clause, that is the elimination of Workers' Compensation Act of the defenses of contributory negligence, assumption of risk and the fellow servant rule, have indeed been sacrificed by the employer Great Western in this case in providing Workers' Compensation coverage for its employee Shelton. Shelton pointed us to the holding in Mandolidis v. Elkins Industries, Inc. (1978), W. Va., 246 S.E.2d 907. The West Virginia statute provided immunity from suit to an employer who "does not inflict an injury with deliberate intention." Even with the requirement of section 39-71-104, MCA, that the Workers' Compensation Act be liberally construed, no part of Mandolidis would allow us to transmute negligence into deliberate or intentional harm.
We hold that the "intentional harm" which removes an employer from the protection of the exclusivity clause of the Workers' Compensation Act is such harm as it maliciously and specifically directed at an employee, or class of employee out of which such specific intentional harm the employee receives injuries as a proximate result. Any incident involving a lesser degree of intent or general degree of negligence not pointed specifically and directly at the injured employee is barred by the exclusivity clause as a basis for recovery against the employer outside the Workers' Compensation Act.
Likewise we see no substance in the public policy contention of Shelton. Section 28-2-702, MCA states:
The drafters of the Workers' Compensation Act have been careful to include all possible contracts of employment within their provisions. See sections 39-71-401 to 39-71-405, incl., MCA. It is more nearly accurate to state that it is the public policy of this State to make certain that all forms of employment be subject to the Workers' Compensation Act, and that this includes the exclusivity clause therein. As we pointed out in Cordier, supra, it is also the public policy of this State to allow the employer to be reimbursed out of any recovery that the employee may make against a responsible third party:
We find therefore that the complaint against Great Western by Shelton should have been dismissed in the District Court. Great Western finds itself in a situation where it has no plain, speedy or adequate remedy at law, and it has no right of appeal of the order of the District Court. In those circumstances, it is proper for us to assume jurisdiction, and to order supervisory control. State v. Doty (1977), 173 Mont. 233, 566 P.2d 1388.
Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED:
That the amended complaint of Jim R. Shelton against Great Western Sugar Company in cause no. 71515, in the District Court, Thirteenth Judicial District, County of Yellowstone, be dismissed;
That the Clerk of this Court serve a copy of this opinion and order upon all counsel of record herein;
That as and at the time when, under the Rules of this Court, remittitur would issue upon decisions of this Court, the Clerk of this Court shall mail a certified copy of this opinion and order to the respondent District Court;
That said certified copy of this opinion and order shall be and serve the office of a writ of supervisory control from this Court to the said District Court. Costs of this proceeding to relator.
DALY, HARRISON and SHEA, JJ., concur.
HASWELL, C.J., did not participate in this cause.
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