PEOPLE v. CWIKLA


54 A.D.2d 80 (1976)

The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v. John Cwikla, Appellant

Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, First Department.

October 14, 1976


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Marjorie M. Smith of counsel (William E. Hellerstein and William J. Gallagher, attorneys), for appellant.

David Griffiths of counsel (Mario Merola, District Attorney), for respondent.

KUPFERMAN, J. P., CAPOZZOLI, LANE and NUNEZ, JJ., concur.


LUPIANO, J.

The District Attorney concedes that under the circumstances of this case, the count of grand larceny in the second degree was a lesser included concurrent count to robbery in the first degree. Defendant's contention that subdivision 4 of section 160.15 of the Penal Law violates due process in that it places upon him the burden (affirmative defense) of proving that the weapon used in the robbery was not loaded or was inoperable to reduce the...

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