MEMORANDUM OF OPINION
ORMA R. SMITH, District Judge.
A. PRELIMINARY STATEMENT
Each of the above actions is before the court upon a motion to dismiss. Relevant facts have been presented by way of affidavits and admissions. The motions have been briefed and argued extensively. The court has also received amicus curiae briefs from two trade associations with a meaningful interest in the resolution of the primary issue before the court.
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