FORD v. WASHINGTON

BLOODWORTH, Justice.

Appellees (complainants below), trustees and deacons of the Mount Carmel Primitive Baptist Church, filed this bill of complaint against appellant Charity Ford (respondent below) seeking to quiet title to a certain tract of land located in Madison County, Alabama. From a final decree in favor of appellees, appellant appeals.

The land is described in the bill as follows:

The bill alleges that complainants are the owners of this tract and are in constructive or actual peaceable possession thereof, and that respondent Charity Ford claims some right, title, interest in or encumbrance upon the same. Prior to trial, respondent Ford exercised her right under Title 7, § 1112, Code of Alabama 1940, to demand a jury trial.

Following the presentation of complainants' case, respondent moved to exclude the evidence, or in the alternative to dismiss the bill, on grounds that,

The court overruled both motions and the case was submitted to the jury. The jury found the complainants to be "in actual or constructive and peaceable possession" of the land in question. The court rendered a final decree declaring: complainants to be the owners in fee simple of the land, respondent to have no right, title or interest therein, and all doubts or disputes concerning the title to the land to have been resolved. It is from this decree that respondent Ford appeals. As will hereinafter appear, we have concluded that the trial court's decree should be affirmed.

The first assignment of error is addressed to the court's overruling respondent's motion to exclude the evidence. This assignment is without merit.

Assignment of error No. 2 concerns the court's overruling respondent's motion to dismiss the bill of complaint. Respondent Ford insists that it affirmatively appeared from complainants' evidence that they were not in peaceable possession but that complainants and respondent had been "scrambling" for possession of this property for many years. Thus, respondent says that failure to prove peaceable possession destroyed the jurisdiction of the court over the cause at its very threshold, and that the bill should therefore have been dismissed on motion.

Under Title 7, § 1109, Code of Alabama 1940, in order to maintain a bill to quiet title "the complainant must have the quiet and peaceable possession, actual or constructive, of the land claimed, as distinguished from a scrambling or disputed possession." Merchants National Bank v. Hall, 278 Ala. 319, 178 So.2d 146 (1965).

In several opinions of this court, language similar to the following has been used:

See, also, Buchmann Abstract & Investment Co. v. Roberts, 213 Ala. 520, 105 So. 675 (1925); McGowin v. Felts, 263 Ala. 504, 83 So.2d 228 (1955).

However, on rehearing in Chestang v. Tensaw Land & Timber Company, 273 Ala. 8, 16, 134 So.2d 159, 166 (1960), this court reached a different conclusion, holding:

* * * * * *

The court had this to say about Wilson v. Dorman, supra, and prior cases holding otherwise:

In Chestang, this court went on to hold that, although the court did not lose jurisdiction,

Thus, we consider whether the complainants were in "peaceable" possession or whether their possession was "scrambling" as insisted upon by respondent.

Complainants' title was obtained through a deed made in 1877 by Samuel Douglass and wife conveying the tract in dispute to the "Deacons of the Baptist Church and their successors in office forever." The Mount Carmel Primitive Baptist Church was organized in 1877. According to the testimony, it erected a church building on the property and held regular church services in that building until 1952. The Mount Carmel church was never incorporated as a non-profit corporation, but it is a recognized member of the Indian Creek Primitive Baptist Association, a corporate body, and subscribes to the by-laws, liturgy and procedure of that association. Complainants' testimony was to the effect that, after 1952, church services were discontinued in the original building but that they continued to be held in an old school building located on a two-acre tract adjoining the property in dispute. This school building was owned by the St. Bartley Primitive Baptist Church, the mother church of the Indian Creek Primitive Baptist Association. While holding services in the school building, the congregation used the one-acre tract in dispute for a parking area until, according to the testimony, "it grew up * * * with pines and things and you couldn't." The testimony further indicates that the last regular services of the Mount Carmel church were held in 1966, but even after that date services continued to be held "off and on." The last meeting of the church was held in the school house in 1969, just prior to the filing of this suit. Its purpose was to elect deacons and trustees.

Respondent obtained her title by a deed, dated December 30, 1944, made to her and her husband, Jerry Ford, by Roney and Altie Mathias. (Jerry Ford was deceased at the time of the filing of this suit.) This deed conveyed title to 32 acres, including the acre in question, but excluding the two acres on which the school building was located. All of the deeds in respondent's chain of title, dating back to 1907, conveyed the one-acre tract here in question. She has paid taxes on the entire 32-acre tract since 1944. Respondent testified that there have been no church services in the church building since she bought her tract of land; that she has used the church building for storage of lime and lumber, and that she denied permission to the church members to use the building. Respondent further testified that she has never planted crops on the one-acre tract, but that her children had played there.

In 1963 respondent stored lumber in the church building. One of complainants, John W. Laughinghouse, testified that respondent called him and asked permission to put the lumber there and that he gave her permission on behalf of the congregation. He said that the weight of the lumber subsequently caused the building to collapse. On the other hand, respondent, though admitting she called Laughinghouse, testified that she told him she was putting the lumber in the church and that if they wanted the benches in the building they would have to remove them. There was also evidence that, prior to 1967, someone posted the property with signs reading, "Private Property—Keep Off." In 1967, respondent refused to allow members of the church to cut some trees growing on the one-acre tract. Complainant Laughinghouse testified that the trees were not cut because "I wasn't going to go over her feelings." This was the first knowledge, the complainants say they had, that respondent claimed any interest in the tract.

Complainants testified that in 1969 members of the church decided to reactivate Mount Carmel Primitive Baptist Church. They met in the school house adjacent to the church grounds and elected deacons and trustees. Shortly afterward, a group composed of the newly elected deacons and other members of the congregation attempted to erect a fence around the oneacre tract. They were prevented from doing so by respondent's daughter who threatened to call the police if complainants and the others did not leave the property. This action was then instituted by complainants.

In determining whether complainants were in peaceable possession of the land at the time of the filing of this suit, previous decisions provide some well established principles to which we now allude.

It is not sufficient that respondent merely disputes complainants' right to possession, she must show that she has done something to indicate that she herself claims to be in possession of the property. There is little testimony in the record to indicate such possessory acts by respondent and to the extent that there are such indications, they are, for the most part, based on conflicting evidence and at best provide only "* * * a mere showing that he [she] has done isolated acts indicating possession of the property, not in fact amounting to an interference with the peaceable possession of complainant." Patronas v. West Dauphin Corp., supra.

This case was tried before the judge, sitting in equity, but the question of peaceable possession was submitted to a jury. In light of our decisions, and after a careful review of the record, we do not find any reversible error in the decision of the trial court denying respondent's motion to dismiss, and submitting to the jury the question of peaceable possession. The usual presumptions attend the jury's finding and the judge's decree.

In assignment of error No. 3, it is argued that the trial judge committed reversible error by stating in his decree, "The complainants' factual claims and the respondent's factual claims to the said property were submitted to a jury." As a matter of fact, the only question submitted to the jury was: "Were the complainants in actual or constructive peaceable possession of the one acre of land described in the complaint at the time of the filing of the bill of complaint in this case * * *?"

There is no authority cited in support of this assignment of error, and we are apprised of no basis for concluding that, if indeed this is a misstatement, it has probably injuriously affected substantial rights of the respondent. It has been the rule of this court that a judgment will not be reversed unless "* * * it should appear that the error complained of has probably injuriously affected substantial rights of the parties." Rule 45, Revised Rules of the Supreme Court, 279 Ala. XXII, XLI. State v. Mobile & O. R. Co., 228 Ala. 533, 154 So. 91 (1934).

In assignment of error No. 4, the statement in the trial court's decree that, "The Court has jurisdiction of this cause and the parties pursuant to Title 7, Section 1109 et seq., Code of Alabama 1940" is charged as error. This assignment is based on the argument that the jurisdiction of the court was destroyed by failure of complainants to prove peaceable possession. As we concluded in our discussion of assignment of error No. 2, we think there was sufficient evidence to support the jury's finding that complainants were in peaceable possession. Moreover, this would not destroy the jurisdiction of the court. Chestang v. Tensaw Land & Timber Company, supra.

Assignments of error Nos. 5, 6, 7, 13 and 14 are sufficiently similar to be discussed together. They assign as error the findings of the trial court that complainants are the owners of the land in fee simple, and that respondent has no right, title, or interest in, or encumbrance upon, the property in dispute. Respondent argues that, even if complainants were in peaceable possession at the filing of the suit, they have failed to prove that they are the owners of the land. These contentions are based primarily on alleged deficiencies in complainants' deed, the better record title which respondent claims to have, and the fact that respondent has paid taxes on the land since 1945.

Even if we assume that complainants' deed is deficient in some respects, it was clearly sufficient to furnish color of title, and by the undisputed evidence the complainants had possessed the land under color of title long enough to establish ownership by adverse possession before respondent acquired her title to the property. Title 7, § 828, Code of Alabama 1940.

The question remains whether, after acquiring title to the property, the respondent can be said to have acquired title by adverse possession from the complainants. As we concluded in our discussion of assignment of error No. 2, there is little testimony in the record to evidence possessory acts by respondent, and to the extent that there are, the evidence is conflicting. Payment of taxes will not, by itself, establish title by adverse possession. Eggart v. Tennant, 260 Ala. 9, 68 So.2d 714 (1953); 2 Ala.Dig., Adverse Possession.

Again, we refer to the presumption indulged in favor of the conclusions reached by the trial court. We cannot say the decree of the trial court was plainly erroneous or manifestly unjust in finding complainants to be owners in fee simple of the disputed acre, and that respondent has no right, title, or interest in, or encumbrance upon, the property in dispute.

Assignments of error Nos. 11 and 12 complain that the "* * * decree is contrary to the laws governing such proceedings," and that the "* * * decree is contrary to the evidence adduced at the trial of this cause * * *." Assignments similar to these have long been held to be without merit because they are too general and present nothing for our review. National Life and Accident Insurance Co. v. Allen, 285 Ala. 551, 234 So.2d 567 (1970); Smith v. McCain Boiler and Engineering Co., 284 Ala. 618, 227 So.2d 131 (1969).

In assignment of error No. 8, it is contended that the trial judge erred in holding that all doubts and disputes concerning the land were resolved since a one-half undivided interest belonging to the heirs of Jerry Ford, respondent Ford's deceased husband, is still outstanding. We find no merit in this assignment.

Assignments of error Nos. 9, 10 and 15 are not argued in brief. Consequently, they are deemed to be waived. Rule 9, Revised Rules of the Supreme Court, 279 Ala. XXI, XXVI; 2A Ala.Dig., Appeal and Error.

Having carefully considered all the assignments of error, we conclude that the final decree of the trial court should be affirmed.

Affirmed.

HEFLIN, C.J., and MERRILL, COLEMAN and McCALL, JJ., concur.