DYER, Circuit Judge:
In January, 1970, Columbus Municipal Separate School District initiated a policy that required teachers hired for the first time during the 1969-1970 school year, and all future teacher applicants, to achieve a combined score of 1000 on the National Teachers Examination (NTE) as a condition of employment. The score requirement excluded proportionally more incumbent black than white teachers. Of the 133 black teachers, 18 were required to take...
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