IRVING R. KAUFMAN, Circuit Judge:
In order to convict a defendant for the concealment or transportation of illegally imported narcotics under 21 U.S.C. § 174, the government must prove that he knew the narcotics to be illegally imported. Since this subjective element of knowledge is often difficult to establish by direct evidence, the government generally relies upon the presumption contained in § 174, which provides that unexplained possession of narcotics...
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