DREAM DEFENDERS v. GOVERNOR OF FLORIDA

No. 21-13489.

119 F.4th 872 (2024)

DREAM DEFENDERS, Black Collective Inc., Chainless Change Inc., Black Lives Matter Alliance Broward, Florida State Conference of the NAACP, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. GOVERNOR OF the State of FLORIDA, Sheriff of Jacksonville/Duval County Florida, Defendants-Appellants, Attorney General, State of Florida, et al., Defendants.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

Filed: October 7, 2024.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Morenike Fajana, Rachel Kleinman, NAACP Legal Defense Fund, New York, NY, Daniel Boaz Tilley, ACLU Foundation of Florida, Inc., Miami, FL, James E. Tysse, Miranda Alyssa Dore, Steven H. Schulman, Pratik A. Shah, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, LLP, Washington, DC, Anne Morrill Evans, Joseph L. Sorkin, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, LLP, New York, NY, Berbeth S. Foster, Denise A. Ghartey, Alana J. Greer, Miriam Haskell, Community Justice Project, Inc., Miami, FL, Max H. Gaston, ACLU Foundation of Florida, Inc., Tampa, FL, Erica Evette Holland, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, LLP, New York, NY, Nicholas Edward Petree, Ajamie LLP, Houston, TX, Nicholas Warren, ACLU of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, Caroline Lewis Wolverton, U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division, Washington, DC, for Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Henry Charles Whitaker, Florida Attorney General Service, Daniel William Bell, Karen Ann Brodeen, Anita J. Patel, Office of the Attorney General, Tallahassee, FL, Kevin A. Golembiewski, Florida Attorney General's Office, Office of the Solicitor General, Tampa, FL, Nicholas John Peter Meros, Ryan D. Newman, Emily C. Percival, James Uthmeier, Executive Office of the Governor, Office of General Counsel, Tallahassee, FL, for Defendant-Appellant Governor of the State of Florida.

Sonya Harrell, Laura Boeckman, Mary Margaret Giannini, Helen Peacock Roberson, Jon Robert Phillips, Gabriella Young, Office of General Counsel, City of Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, for Defendant-Appellant Mike Williams.

Noah Bokat-Lindell, DOJ—Crt, Appellate Section, Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae United States of America.

Shalini Goel Agarwal, Kristy Parker, Protect Democracy, Washington, DC, Christine Kwon, Protect Democracy, Los Angeles, CA, for Amicus Curiae Pen American Center, Inc.

Shalini Goel Agarwal, Kristy Parker, Protect Democracy, Washington, DC, Eric John Galvez Paredes, Protect Democracy, New York, NY, Christine Kwon, Protect Democracy, Los Angeles, CA, for Amici Curiae Protect Democracy Project, Inc., and The Niskanen Center.

Before Jill Pryor, Branch, and Ed Carnes, Circuit Judges.


This appeal returns to us after we certified a question to the Supreme Court of Florida asking it to provide an authoritative interpretation of Florida's amended criminal riot statute, Fla. Stat. § 870.01(2) (2021). We certified the question to assist our review of the district court's entry of a preliminary injunction...

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