WASHINGTON v. U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMIN.

No. 23-35294.

108 F.4th 1163 (2024)

State of WASHINGTON; State of Oregon; State of Arizona; State of Colorado; State of Connecticut; State of Delaware; State of Illinois; Attorney General of Michigan; State of Nevada; State of New Mexico; State of Rhode Island; State of Vermont; District of Columbia; State of Hawaii; State of Maine; State of Maryland; State of Minnesota; Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION; Robert M. Califf, in His Official Capacity as Commissioner of Food and Drugs; United States Department of Health and Human Services; Xavier Becerra, in his official capacity as Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Service, Defendants-Appellees, v. State of Idaho; State of Iowa; State of Montana; State of Nebraska; State of South Carolina; State of Texas; State of Utah, Proposed State Plaintiff-Intervenors, Movants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Submitted July 17, 2024 San Francisco, California.

Filed July 24, 2024.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Emma Grunberg (argued) and Tera M. Heintz, Deputy Solicitors General; Noah G. Purcell, Solicitor General; Office of the Attorney General, Olympia, Washington; Andrew R.W. Hughes and Lauryn K. Fraas, Assistant Attorneys General; Kristin Beneski, First Assistant Attorney General; Colleen M. Melody, Civil Rights Division Chief; Robert W. Ferguson, Attorney General; Office of the Attorney General, Seattle, Washington;

Dustin Buehler, Deputy Attorney General; Ellen F. Rosenblum, Attorney General; Denise G. Fjordbeck, Assistant Attorney General; Sander Marcus Hull, Senior Assistant Attorney General; Youngwoo J. Osb, Assistant Attorney General; Oregon Department of Justice, Salem, Oregon; Carla Scott, Deputy Attorney General, Oregon Department of Justice; Portland, Oregon;

Luci D. Davis, Deputy Attorney General; Kris Mayes, Attorney General; Office of the Arizona Attorney General, Phoenix, Arizona; Daniel C. Barr, Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, Arizona;

Sabrena Clinton, Deputy Attorney General; Heidi P. Stern, Solicitor General; Aaron D. Ford, Attorney General; Office of the Nevada Attorney General, Las Vegas, Nevada;

Aletheia Allen, Solicitor General; Raul Torrey, Attorney General; Office of the New Mexico Attorney General, Albuquerque, New Mexico;

Peter F. Neronha, Attorney General; Julia C. Harvey, Special Assistant Attorney General; Office of the Rhode Island Attorney General, Providence, Rhode Island;

Douglas Keehn, Assistant Attorney General; Charity R. Clark, Attorney General; Eleanor L.P. Spottswood, Solicitor General; Office of the Vermont Attorney General, Montpelier, Vermont;

Brian L. Schwalb, Attorney General; Jennifer C. Jones, Deputy Attorney General Public Advocacy Division; William Stephens, Counsel to Deputy; Nicole S. Hill, Assistant Attorney General; Office of the District of Columbia Attorney General, Washington, D.C.;

Philip J. Weiser, Attorney General; Michael McMaster, Assistant Attorney General; Office of the Colorado Attorney General, Denver, Colorado; Eric Olson, Olson Grimsley Kawanabe Hinchcliff & Murray LLC, Denver, Colorado;

William Tong, Attorney General; Joshua Perry, Solicitor General; Office of the Connecticut Attorney General, Hartford, Connecticut;

Kathleen Jennings, Attorney General; Vanessa L. Kassab, Deputy Attorney General; Office of the Delaware Attorney General, Wilmington, Delaware;

Kwame Raoul, Attorney General; Lisa Roberson-Young, Public Interest Counsel; Office of the Illinois Attorney General, Chicago, Illinois;

Dana Nessel, Attorney General; Stephanie M. Service, Assistant Attorney Michigan Department of the Attorney General Health, Education and Family Services Division; Office of the Michigan Attorney General, Lansing Michigan;

Anne E. Lopez, Attorney General; Erin Lau, Deputy Attorney General, Office of the Hawaii Attorney General, Honolulu, Hawaii;

Aaron M. Frey, Attorney General; Halliday Moncure, Assistant Attorney General; Office of the Maine Attorney General, Augusta, Maine;

Joshua M. Segal, Assistant Attorney General; Anthony G. Brown, Attorney General, Office of the Maryland Attorney General, Baltimore, Maryland;

Keith Ellison, Attorney General; Liz Kramer, Solicitor General; Jennifer Olson, Assistant Attorney General; Office of the Minnesota Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota;

Michael A. Henry, Attorney General; Jill M. Graziano, Chief Counsel to the Attorney General; Office of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Attorney General; Morrison, Pennsylvania; for Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Daniel L. Winik (argued), Dana Kaersvang and Michael S. Raab, Appellate Staff Attorneys; Vanessa R. Waldref, United States Attorney; Brian M. Boynton, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; for Defendants-Appellees.

Joshua N. Turner (argued), Acting Solicitor General, Chief of Constitutional Litigation and Policy; Sean M. Corkery, Assistant Solicitor General; Theodore J. Wold, Solicitor General; Michael A. Zarian, Deputy Solicitor General; Raul R. Labrador, Idaho Attorney General; Office of the Attorney General, Boise, Idaho; Peter M. Torstensen Jr., Assistant Solicitor General, Office of the Montana Attorney General, Helena, Montana; Thomas T. Hydrick, Deputy Attorney General, Office of the South Carolina Attorney General, Columbia, South Carolina; Stanford Purser, Deputy Solicitor, Office of the Utah Attorney General, Salt Lake City, Utah; Lincoln D. Wilson, Alliance Defending Freedom, Washington, D.C.; for Movants-Appellants.

Before: Sidney R. Thomas, M. Margaret McKeown, and Morgan Christen, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

In this appeal, we consider whether Idaho is entitled to intervene in Washington's lawsuit challenging the Food and Drug Administration's ("FDA") imposition of safe-use restrictions on the abortion drug mifepristone. We conclude that, because Idaho seeks different relief than Washington, it must independently...

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