WREAL, LLC v. AMAZON.COM, INC.

No. 19-13285.

38 F.4th 114 (2022)

WREAL, LLC, a Florida limited liability company, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. AMAZON.COM, INC., a Delaware corporation, Defendant-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

Filed: June 28, 2022.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Carlos Nunez-Vivas , Waserstein & Nunez, Bay Harbor, FL, Paul Bagley , Foreman Friedman, PA, Miami, FL, Daniel Foodman , The Foodman Firm, PA, Miami, FL, Dennis Jay Kian Nio Wouters , John G. Marfoe , WNF Law, PL, Miami, FL, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Moez M. Kaba , Robert N. Klieger , Hueston Hennigan LLP, Los Angeles, CA, Jamie Zysk Isani , Hunton Andrews Kurth, LLP, Miami, FL, for Defendant-Appellee.

Before Wilson, Lagoa, and Brasher, Circuit Judges.


This appeal asks us to address the doctrine of reverse-confusion trademark infringement. Reverse confusion is not a standalone claim in trademark law; rather, it is a theory of how trademark infringement can occur. In reverse-confusion cases, the plaintiff is usually a commercially smaller, but more senior, user of the mark...

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