UPPER MISSOURI WATERKEEPER v. U.S. EPA

No. 19-35898, No. 19-35899, No. 20-35135, No. 20-35136, No. 20-35137.

15 F.4th 966 (2021)

UPPER MISSOURI WATERKEEPER, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY; Michael Regan, Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Defendants, Treasure State Resources Association of Montana; State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Intervenor-Defendants, and National Association of Clean Water Agencies; The Montana League of Cities and Towns, Intervenor-Defendants-Appellants. Upper Missouri Waterkeeper, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Michael Regan, Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Defendants, National Association of Clean Water Agencies; The Montana League of Cities and Towns; State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Intervenor-Defendants, and Treasure State Resources Association of Montana, Intervenor-Defendant-Appellant. Upper Missouri Waterkeeper, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Michael Regan, Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Defendants, National Association of Clean Water Agencies; The Montana League of Cities and Towns; Treasure State Resources Association of Montana, Intervenor-Defendants, and State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Intervenor-Defendant-Appellant. Upper Missouri Waterkeeper, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Michael Regan, Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Defendants-Appellants, and National Association of Clean Water Agencies; The Montana League of Cities and Towns; Treasure State Resources Association of Montana; State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Intervenor-Defendants. Upper Missouri Waterkeeper, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Michael Regan, Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Defendants-Appellees, National Association of Clean Water Agencies; The Montana League of Cities and Towns; Treasure State Resources Association of Montana; State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Intervenor-Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed October 6, 2021.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Janette K. Brimmer (argued), Earthjustice, Seattle, Washington, for Plaintiff-Appellee/Cross-Appellant.

John L. Smeltzer (argued), David Gunter , and Alan D. Greenberg , Attorneys; Eric Grant , Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Jonathan D. Brightbill , Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Environment and Natural Resources Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; David Fatouhi , Peter Z. Ford , Heidi Nalven , and Diane McConkey , Office of General Counsel, United States Environmental Protection Agency; Erin Perkins and Elyana Sutin , Office of Regional Counsel, United States Environmental Protection Agency; for Defendants-Appellants/Cross-Appellees United States Environment Protection Agency and Michael Regan.

Kurt R. Moser (argued), Special Assistant Attorney General, State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Helena, Montana, for Intervenor-Defendant-Appellant/Cross-Appellee State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality.

Fredric P. Andes and Ashley E. Parr , Barnes & Thornburg LLP, Chicago, Illinois; Paul M. Drucker , Barnes & Thornburg LLP, Indianapolis, Indiana; Catherine A. Laughner , Chad E. Adams , and M. Christy S. McCann , Browning Kaleczyc Berry & Hoven P.C., Bozeman, Montana; for Intervenor-Defendant-Appellant/Cross-Appellee National Association of Clean Water Agencies and Montana League of Cities and Towns.

Mark L. Stermitz and Jeffery J. Oven , Crowley Fleck PLLP, Billings, Montana, for Intervenor-Defendant-Appellant/Cross-Appellee Treasure State Resources Association of Montana.

Before: Danny J. Boggs, Richard A. Paez, and Paul J. Watford, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

Congress enacted the Clean Water Act "to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters." 33 U.S.C. § 1251(a). In furtherance of that objective, the Act requires States to adopt water quality standards regulating pollutants in their navigable waters. Water...

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