HIRSCHFELD v. BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, FIREARMS, TOBACCO

No. 19-2250.

14 F.4th 322 (2021)

Tanner HIRSCHFELD; Natalia Marshall, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, FIREARMS, TOBACCO & EXPLOSIVES; Marvin Richardson, Acting Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives; Merrick B. Garland, Attorney General, Defendants-Appellees. Brady; Giffords Law Center To Prevent Gun Violence; Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund, Amici Supporting Appellee. Illinois; California; Connecticut; Delaware; the District of Columbia; Hawaii; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; Vermont; Washington; Commonwealth of Virginia; State of Maryland; March for Our Lives Action Fund, Amici Supporting Rehearing Petition.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided: September 22, 2021.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Elliott Michael Harding , Harding Counsel PLLC, Charlottesville, VA, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.

Thomas T. Cullen , United States District Court, Western District of Virginia, Roanoke, VA, Courtney Lynn Dixon , Kyle T. Edwards , U. S. Department of Justice, Civil Appellate, Joseph H. Hunt , U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Immigration Litigation, Mark B. Stern , U. S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Thais-Lyn Trayer , Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, for Defendants-Appellees.

Angela N. Ellis , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Jonathan Elias Lowy , Christa Nicols , Kelly Sampson , Brady Center To Prevent Gun Violence Legal Action Project, Washington, DC, Jon M. Talotta , Hogan Lovells US LLP, Tysons, VA, for Amicus Supporting Appellee Brady.

Janet Carter , Lisa Ebersole , Carina Bentata Gryting , William J. Taylor, Jr. , Eric Tirschwell , Everytown Law, Karen S. Kennedy , Darren A. Laverne , Jessica K. Weigel , Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP, New York, NY, Angela N. Ellis , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Washington, DC, for Amicus Supporting Appellee Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund.

Angela N. Ellis , Joseph Jackson Froliklong , David Wilfred Gould, IV , Madeline B. Jenks , Robert A. Sacks , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Washington, DC, Hannah Friedman , Esther Sanchez-Gomez , Hannah Shearer , Giffords Law Center To Prevent Gun Violence, San Francisco, CA, J. Adam Skaggs , Giffords Law Center To Prevent Gun Violence, Leonid Traps , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Rachel H. Van-Gelder , New York, NY, for Amicus Supporting Appellee Giffords Law Center To Prevent Gun Violence.

Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Jane Elinor Notz , Kwame Raoul , Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Illinois,

Robert Bonta , Office of the Attorney General of California, Sacramento, CA, Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition California.

Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, William Tong , Office of the Attorney General of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Connecticut.

Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, Kathleen Jennings , Attorney General of Delaware, Wilmington, DE, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Delaware.

Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, Karl Anthony Racine , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Civil Litigation Division, Section IV, Washington, DC, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition The District of Columbia.

Clare E. Connors , Attorney General of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Hawaii.

Maura Healey , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Boston, MA, Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Massachusetts.

Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, Dana Nessel , Office of the Attorney General of Michigan, Lansing, MI, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Michigan.

Keith Ellison , Office of the Attorney General, St. Paul, MN, Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Minnesota.

Andrew Bruck , New Jersey Division of Law & Public Safety, Trenton, NJ, Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition New Jersey.

Hector Balderas , Office of the Attorney General of New Mexico, Santa Fe, NM, Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition New Mexico.

Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, Letitia James , Office of the Attorney General, Albany, NY, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition New York.

Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, Josh Stein , Office of the Attorney General of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition North Carolina.

Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, Ellen F. Rosenblum , Attorney General, Attorney General of Oregon, Salem, OR, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Oregon.

Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, Josh Shapiro , Office of the Attorney General, Harrisonburg, PA, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Pennsylvania.

Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, Peter F. Neronha , Office of the Attorney General, Providence, RI, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Rhode Island.

Thomas J. Donovan, Jr. , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General of Vermont, Montpelier, VT, Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Vermont.

Robert W. Ferguson , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General of Washington, Olympia, WA, Alex Hemmer , Deputy Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Washington.

Erin B. Ashwell , Mark Rankin Herring , Attorney General, Brittany Marie Jones , Michelle Shane Kallen , Jessica Merry Samuels , Rohiniyurie Tashima , Office of the Attorney General of Virginia, Richmond, VA, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition Commonwealth of Virginia.

Brian E. Frosh, Esq. , Attorney General, Steven Marshall Sullivan , Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General of Maryland, Consumer Protection Division, James Nelson Lewis, Esq. , Office of the Attorney General of Maryland, Civil Division, Baltimore, MD, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition State of Maryland.

Angela N. Ellis , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Washington, DC, for Amicus Supporting Rehearing Petition March for Our Lives Action Fund.

Motion to intervene or join new parties denied; motion to vacate prior opinions granted; remanded with directions to dismiss. Judge Richardson wrote the opinion, in which Judge Agee joined. Judge Wynn wrote an opinion concurring in the result.


Plaintiff Natalia Marshall, while under the age of 21, wished to purchase a handgun from a federally licensed firearms dealer and sued to challenge the constitutionality of the federal laws and regulations which prohibited her from doing so while she was 18-20 years old. A divided panel of this court found those laws violated...

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