UNITED STATES v. SAFEHOUSE

No. 20-1422.

991 F.3d 503 (2021)

UNITED STATES of America v. SAFEHOUSE, a Pennsylvania nonprofit corporation; José Benitez, as President and Treasurer of Safehouse. Safehouse, a Pennsylvania nonprofit corporation v. U.S. Department of Justice; William P. Barr, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States; and William M. McSwain, in his official capacity as U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. United States of America, U.S. Department of Justice, United States Attorney General William P. Barr, and the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania William M. McSwain, Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

March 24, 2021.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

John T. Crutchlow, Esq. , Gregory B. David, Esq. , Eric D. Gill, Esq. , Bryan C. Hughes, Esq., Erin E. Lindgren, Esq. , William M. McSwain, Esq. , Office of United States Attorney, Philadelphia, PA, for Plaintiff-Appellant and Third Party-Appellants United States Department of Justice, William M. McSwain.

Jacob Eden, Esq. , Ronda B. Goldfein, Esq. , Yolanda F. Lollis, Esq. , Adrian M. Lowe, Esq. , AIDS Law Project of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, Ilana H. Eisenstein, Esq. , Ben C. Fabens-Lassen, Esq. , Rachel A.H. Horton, Esq. , Courtney G. Saleski, Esq. , DLA Piper, Philadelphia, PA, Peter Goldberger, Esq. , Ardmore, PA, Seth F. Kreimer, Esq. , University of Pennsylvania School of Law, Philadelphia, PA, Thiru Vignarajah, Esq. , DLA Piper, Baltimore, MD, for Defendant-Appellee Safehouse, A Pennsylvania Nonprofit Corporation.

Jacob Eden, Esq. , Ronda B. Goldfein, Esq. , Yolanda F. Lollis, Esq. , Adrian M. Lowe, Esq. , AIDS Law Project of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, Ilana H. Eisenstein, Esq. , Ben C. Fabens-Lassen, Esq. , Rachel A.H. Horton, Esq. , Courtney G. Saleski, Esq. , DLA Piper, Philadelphia, PA, Peter Goldberger, Esq. , Ardmore, PA, for Defendant-Appellee Jose Benitez, As President and Treasurer if Safehouse.

Gregory B. David, Esq. , Eric D. Gill, Esq. , Bryan C. Hughes, Esq. , Erin E. Lindgren, Esq. , William M. McSwain, Esq. , Office of United States Attorney, Philadelphia, PA, for Third Party-Appellant William P. Barr.

James G. Mann , Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Harrisburg, PA, for Amicus Appellant Republican Caucus of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

Loren L. AliKhan, Esq. , Office of Attorney General of District of Columbia, Washington, DC, for Amici Appellees District of Columbia, State of California, State of Delaware, State of Illinois, State of Michigan, State of Minnesota, State of New Mexico, State of Oregon, State of Vermont, State of Virginia,

Jeffrey Cutler, Pro Se.

John M. Gore, Esq. , Jones Day, Washington, DC, for Amici Appellants Pat Toomey, Brian Fitzpatrick, Tom Cotton, John Joyce, Fred Keller, Mike Kelly, Daniel P. Meuser, Scott Perry, Guy Reschenthaler, Lloyd Smucker, Glenn Thompson.

Trevor C. Burrus, Esq. , Cato Institute, Washington, DC, for Amicus Appellee Cato Institute.

Trevor C. Burrus, Esq. , Cato Institute, Washington, DC, Ezekiel R. Edwards, Esq. , American Civil Liberties Union, New York, NY, for Amicus Appellee American Civil Liberties Union.

Trevor C. Burrus, Esq. , Cato Institute, Washington, DC, Mary Catherine Roper, Esq. , American Civil Liberties Union of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, for Amicus Appellee American Civil Liberties Union of Pennsylvania.

Jeffrey M. Harris, Esq. , Consovoy McCarthy, Arlington, VA, for Amicus Appellant Drug Policy Scholars and Former Government Officials.

Michael J. Engle, Esq. , Armstrong Teasdale, Philadelphia, PA, for Amici Appellees Dr. Alexis M. Roth, Dr. Stephen E. Lankenau, 5th Square.

Michael H. McGinley, Esq. , Justin M. Romeo, Esq. , Dechert, Philadelphia, PA, for Amicus Appellant 20 Neighborhood Civic Associations and the Fraternal Order of Police Lodge 5.

Virginia A. Gibson, Esq. , Hogan Lovells US, Philadelphia, PA, for Amici Appellees King County Washington, City of New York, City of Seattle, City and County of San Francisco, City of Pittsburgh and Not Party-Amici Appellees City of Albuquerque, City of Austin, City of Oakland, City of San Diego, City of Sommerville, County of Cook Illinois, County of Multnomah, Prosecutor Washtenaw County.

Ellen C. Brotman, Esq. , Philadelphia, PA, for Amici Appellees AIDS United, American Medical Association, Association for Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance Use and Addiction, Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, California Society of Addiction Medicine, Drug Policy Alliance, Foundation for AIDS Research, Harm Reduction Coalition, National Alliance of State and Territorial Aids Directors, Network for Public Health, Pennsylvania Medical Society, Philadelphia County Medical Society, Positive Womens Network, Treatment Action Group, Vital Strategies.

Michael D. LiPuma, Esq. , Justine Robinette, Esquire , Philadelphia, PA, for Amici Appellees Homeless Advocacy Project, Pathways to Housing Pennsylvania, Catholic Worker Free Clinic, Betheseda Project Inc., St. Francis Inn.

Jennifer MacNaughton, Esq. , City of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, for Amici Appellees Mayor Jim Kenney, Dr. Thomas Farley.

Brian T. Feeney, Esq. , Jessica Natali Esq. , Kevon Rethore, Esq. , Greenberg Traurig, Philadelphia, PA, for Amicus Appellee Philadelphia Area Community Organizations.

Mark C. Fleming, Esq. , Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr, Boston, MA, Matthew A. Hamermesh, Esq. , Daniel Segal, Esq. , Hangley Aronchick Segal Pudlin & Schiller, Philadelphia, PA, for Amici Appellees Current and Former Prosecutors Law Enforcement Leaders and Former Department of Justice Official and Leaders.

Catherine M. Recker, Esq. , Welsh & Recker, Philadelphia, PA, for Amicus Appellee Professor Randy Barnett.

Mira E. Baylson, Esq. , Cozen O'Connor, Philadelphia, PA, for Amicus Appellee Religious Leaders in Philadelphia and Beyond.

Thomas A. Leonard, IV, Esq. , Cozen O'Connor, Philadelphia, PA, for Amicus Appellee Friends and Family of Victims of Opioid Addiction.

Present: SMITH, Chief Judge, and McKEE, AMBRO, CHAGARES, HARDIMAN, GREENAWAY, JR., SHWARTZ, RESTREPO, BIBAS, MATEY, PHIPPS, and ROTH, Circuit Judges.


The petition for rehearing filed by Appellees in the above-captioned case having been submitted to the judges who participated in the decision of this Court and to all the other available circuit judges of the circuit in regular active service, and no judge who concurred in the decision having asked for rehearing,...

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