UNITED STATES v. SMUKLER

No. 19-2151.

986 F.3d 229 (2021)

UNITED STATES of America v. Kenneth SMUKLER, Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Filed: January 26, 2021.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Eric L. Gibson, Esq. (Argued), Office of the United States Attorney, 615 Chestnut Street, Suite 1250, Philadelphia, PA 19106, Counsel for Appellee.

Peter Goldberger, Esq. (Argued), 50 Rittenhouse Place, Ardmore, PA 19003, Counsel for Appellant.

Before: JORDAN, MATEY, ROTH, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

Interpreting the term "willfully" can be a challenge. It is a "chameleon word," United States v. Starnes, 583 F.3d 196, 210 (3d Cir. 2009), and "[i]n any closely reasoned problem, whether legal or nonlegal, chameleon hued words are a peril both to clear thought and...

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