NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL v. WHEELER

No. 18-1172 Consolidated with 18-1174.

955 F.3d 68 (2020)

NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL, Petitioner, v. Andrew WHEELER, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Environmental Protection Agency, Respondents Arkema Inc. and Mexichem Fluor, Inc., Intervenors.

United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.

Decided April 7, 2020.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Peter J. DeMarco argued the cause for petitioner Natural Resources Defense Council. With him on the briefs were Melissa J. Lynch and David D. Doniger . 8

Joshua M. Tallent , Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the State of New York, argued the cause for State Petitioners. With him on the briefs were Letitia James , Attorney General, Barbara D. Underwood , Solicitor General, Steven C. Wu , Deputy Solicitor General, Michael J. Myers , Senior Counsel, and Morgan A. Costello , Chief, Office of the Attorney General for the State of New York; Kwame Raoul , Attorney General, and Daniel I. Rottenberg , Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the State of Illinois; Xavier Becerra , Attorney General, David A. Zonana , Supervising Deputy Attorney General, and Megan K. Hey , Deputy Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the State of California; Maura Healey , Attorney General, Christophe G. Courchesne , Assistant Attorney General, and Megan M. Herzog , Special Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Ellen F. Rosenblum , Attorney General, and Paul A. Garrahan , Attorney-in-Charge, Office of the Attorney General for the State of Oregon; Kathleen Jennings , Attorney General, and Valerie M. Edge , Deputy Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the State of Delaware; Keith Ellison , Attorney General, and Max H. Kieley , Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the State of Minnesota; Robert A. Reiley , Assistant Counsel, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection; Karl A. Racine , Attorney General, and Loren L. AliKhan , Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia; Gurbir S. Grewal , Attorney General, and Lisa J. Morelli , Deputy Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the State of New Jersey; Thomas J. Donovan, Jr. , Attorney General, and Nicholas F. Persampieri , Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the State of Vermont; Robert W. Ferguson , Attorney General, and Katharine G. Shirey , Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the State of Washington.

Benjamin Carlisle , Attorney, U.S. Department of Justice, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were Jeffrey Bossert Clark , Assistant Attorney General, Jonathan Brightbill , Deputy Assistant Attorney General, and Jan M. Tierney and Diane E. McConkey , Attorneys, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Keith Bradley argued the cause for intervenors. With him on the brief were W. Caffey Norman , Dan Himmelfarb , John S. Hahn , Roger W. Patrick , and William J. Hamel .

Dissenting opinion filed by Circuit Judge Rao.


Thirty years ago, Congress amended the Clean Air Act to require that users of ozone-depleting substances transition to use of less harmful substitutes. Many users replaced ozone-depleting substances with hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Over time, though, scientists came to understand that HFCs, while not ozone-depleting substances...

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