U.S. SUGAR CORP. v. E.P.A.

No. 11-1108 Consolidated with 11-1124, 11-1134, 11-1142, 11-1145, 11-1159, 11-1165, 11-1172, 11-1174, 11-1181, 13-1086, 13-1087, 13-1091, 13-1092, 13-1096, 13-1097, 13-1098, 13-1099, 13-1100, 13-1103 No. 11-1125 Consolidated with 11-1140, 11-1144, 11-1154, 11-1155, 11-1161, 11-1171, 11-1173, 11-1180, 11-1183, 11-1188, 13-1111, 13-1113, 13-1114, 13-1116, 13-1118, 13-1119, 13-1120, 13-1121, 13-1123, 13-1124, 13-1127 No. 11-1141 Consolidated with 11-1182, 11-1207, 11-1208, 13-1105, 13-1107.

830 F.3d 579 (2016)

UNITED STATES SUGAR CORPORATION, Petitioner v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent. American Chemistry Council, et al., Intervenors. American Forest & Paper Association, et al., Petitioners v. Environmental Protection Agency, Respondent. American Chemistry Council, et al., Intervenors. American Chemistry Council, Petitioner v. Environmental Protection Agency, Respondent. American Forest & Paper Association, et al., Intervenors.

United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.

Decided July 29, 2016.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

William L. Wehrum Jr. , David M. Friedland , Washington, DC, and Douglas A. McWilliams , Cleveland, OH, argued the causes for Industry Petitioners. With them on the briefs were Allen A. Kacenjar , Katy M. Franz , Cleveland, OH, Lisa Marie Jaeger , Sandra Y. Snyder , Peter H. Wyckoff , Claudia M. O'Brien , Stacey L. VanBelleghem , Eli Hopson , Jane C. Luxton , Lauren E. Freeman , Washington, DC, Elizabeth L. Horner , William F. Lane , Alan H. McConnell , Raleigh, NC, Timothy S. Bishop , Kevin G. Desharnais , Chad M. Clamage , Chicago, IL, Ronald A. Shipley , Arlington, VA, Quentin Riegel , Linda E. Kelly , and Jeffrey A. Knight , Washington, DC. Rachel Brand , Leslie A. Hulse , Harry M. Ng , Washington, DC, Scott J. Stone , San Francisco, CA, John P. Wagner , Watsonville, CA, and Lee B. Zeugin entered appearances.

James S. Pew , Wilton, CT, and Sanjay Narayan , New York, NY, were on the briefs for Environmental Petitioners. Neil Gormley entered an appearance.

Perry M. Rosen and Norman L. Rave, Jr. , Attorneys, U.S. Department of Justice, argued the causes for respondent. With them on the brief was John C. Cruden , Assistant Attorney General, and Norman L. Rave, Jr. , Attorney. Sam Hirsch and Madeline P. Fleisher , Attorneys, entered appearances.

James S. Pew , Wilton, CT, and Neil Gormley argued the causes for Environmental Respondent-Intervenors. With them on the briefs was Sanjay Narayan , New York, NY.

William L. Wehrum , Quentin Riegel , Linda E. Kelly , Patrick Forrest , Washington, DC, Douglas A. McWilliams , Cleveland, OH, Peter H. Wyckoff , Jeffrey A. Knight , Claudia M. O'Brien , Stacey L. VanBelleghem , Lisa Marie Jaeger , Sandra Y. Snyder , David M. Friedland , Washington, DC, William F. Lane , Alan H. McConnell , Raleigh, NC, Ronald A. Shipley , Arlington, VA, Carol F. McCabe , Bala Cynwyd, PA, Suzanne Ilene Schiller , Michael Dillon , Charles Howland Knauss , Washington, DC, Shannon S. Broome , San Francisco, CA, Timothy S. Bishop , Kevin G. Desharnais , Chad M. Clamage , Chicago, IL, Lauren E. Freeman , Washington, DC, Elizabeth L. Horner , Larry B. Alexander , and Leslie A. Hulse , Washington, DC, were on the brief for Industry Intervenor-Respondents. Allen A. Kacenjar Jr. , Cleveland, OH, Rachel L. Brand , Harry M. Ng , Washington, DC, Scott J. Stone , San Francisco, CA, John P. Wagner , Watsonville, CA, and Lee B. Zeugin entered appearances.

William L. Wehrum , Washington, DC, Douglas A. McWilliams , Cleveland, OH, and Jason T. Morgan , Seattle, WA, argued the causes for Industry Petitioners. On the briefs were Richard G. Stoll , Leslie A. Hulse , Lisa Marie Jaeger , Sandra Y. Snyder , Peter H. Wyckoff , Jeffrey A. Knight , David M. Friedland , Jessalee Landfried , Michael B. Wigmore , Washington, DC, Ronald A. Shipley , Arlington, VA, Chet M. Thompson , Linda E. Kelly , Quentin Riegel , Washington, DC, William F. Lane , Alan H. McConnell , Raleigh, NC, Carol F. McCabe , Bala Cynwyd, PA, Suzanne Ilene Schiller , and Michael Dillon . David Y. Chung , Rachel L. Brand , Julia L. German , Jeffrey W. Leppo , Seattle, WA, and Jane C. Luxton , Washington, DC, entered appearances.

Neil Gormley and James S. Pew , Wilton, CT, argued the causes and filed the briefs for Environmental Petitioners.

Perry M. Rosen and Norman L. Rave, Jr. , Attorneys, U.S. Department of Justice, argued the causes for respondent. With them on the brief was John C. Cruden , Assistant Attorney General. Madeline P. Fleisher , Attorney, entered an appearance.

James S. Pew , Wilton, CT, and Neil Gormley argued the causes and filed the briefs for Environmental Respondent-Intervenors.

David M. Friedland and William L. Wehrum , Washington, DC, argued the causes for Industry Intervenor-Respondents. With them on the briefs were Jessalee Landfried , Leslie A. Hulse , Richard G. Stoll , Washington, DC, Ronald A. Shipley , Arlington, VA, William F. Lane , Alan H. McConnell , Raleigh, NC, James T. Morgan , Lisa Marie Jaeger , Sandra Y. Snyder , Jeffrey A. Knight , Washington, DC, Shannon S. Broome , San Francisco, CA, Carol McCabe , Bala Cynwyd, PA, Suzanne Ilene Schiller , Michael Dillon , Linda E. Kelly , Quentin Riegel , and Charles H. Knauss , Washington, DC. Scott J. Stone , San Francisco, CA, Lori A. Rubin , Washington, DC, and Jeffrey W. Leppo , Seattle, WA, entered appearances.

William L. Wehrum and David M. Friedland , Washington, DC, argued the causes for Industry Petitioners. On the briefs were Lisa Marie Jaeger , Sandra Y. Snyder , Jeffrey A. Knight , Quentin Riegel , and Leslie A. Hulse , Washington, DC. Harry M. Ng , Washington, DC, Scott J. Stone , San Francisco, CA, and John P. Wagner , Watsonville, CA, entered appearances.

Neil Gormley argued the cause for Environmental Petitioners. With him on the briefs was James S. Pew , Wilton, CT.

Perry M. Rosen and Norman L. Rave, Jr. , Attorneys, U.S. Department of Justice, argued the causes for respondent. With them on the brief was John C. Cruden , Assistant Attorney General. Madeline P. Fleisher , Attorney, entered an appearance.

David M. Friedland and William L. Wehrum , Washington, DC, argued the causes for Industry Intervenor-Respondents. With them on the briefs were Lisa Marie Jaeger , Sandra Y. Snyder , Jeffrey A. Knight , William F. Pedersen , Pamela A. Lacey , William F. Lane , Linda E. Kelly , Quentin Riegel , James W. Conrad, Jr. , and Leslie A. Hulse . Harry M. Ng , Washington, DC, Scott J. Stone , San Francisco, CA, John P. Wagner , Watsonville, CA, and Nidhi J. Thakar entered appearances.

James S. Pew , Wilton, CT, and Neil Gormley were on the brief for Environmental Respondent-Intervenors.

Before: HENDERSON, BROWN, and GRIFFITH, Circuit Judges.


In these consolidated petitions for review, we address approximately thirty challenges to three regulations promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency): (1) the "Major Boilers Rule,"1 (2) the "Area Boilers Rule,"2 and (3) the "Commercial/Industrial...

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