RODRIGUEZ v. ROBBINS

Nos. 13-56706, 13-56755.

804 F.3d 1060 (2015)

Alejandro RODRIGUEZ; Abdirizak Aden Farah; Jose Farias Cornejo; Yussuf Abdikadir; Abel Perez Ruelas, for themselves and on behalf of a class of similarly situated individuals, Petitioners-Appellees/Cross-Appellants, and Efren Orozco, Petitioner, v. Timothy ROBBINS, Field Office Director, Los Angeles District, Immigration and Customs Enforcement; Jeh Johnson, Secretary, Homeland Security; Loretta E. Lynch, Attorney General; Wesley Lee, Assistant Field Office Director, Immigration and Customs Enforcement; Rodney Penner, Captain, Mira Loma Detention Center; Sandra Hutchens, Sheriff of Orange County; Nguyen, Officer, Officer-in-Charge, Theo Lacy Facility; Davis Nighswonger, Captain, Commander, Theo Lacy Facility; Mike Kreuger, Captain, Operations Manager, James A. Musick Facility; Arthur Edwards, Officer-in-Charge, Santa Ana City Jail; Russell Davis, Jail Administrator, Santa Ana City Jail; Juan P. Osuna, Director, Executive Office for Immigration Review, Respondents-Appellants/Cross-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed October 28, 2015.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Sarah Stevens Wilson (argued), Theodore William Atkinson , Hans Harris Chen , Alisa Beth Klein , Robert I. Lester , Jaynie R. Lilley , Benjamin C. Mizer , Nicole Prairie , and Erez Reuveni , United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for Respondents-Appellants/Cross-Appellees.

Ahilan Thevanesan Arulanantham (argued), Michael Kaufman (argued), Peter Jay Eliasberg , ACLU Foundation of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Judy Rabinovitz , Michael K.T. Tan , ACLU Immigrants' Rights Project, New York, N.Y.; Cecillia D. Wang , ACLU Immigrants' Rights Project, San Francisco, CA; Jayashri Srikantiah , Stanford Law School Mills Legal Clinic, Stanford, CA; Sean Ashley Commons , Wen Shen , Sidley Austin LLP, Los Angeles, CA; Steven Andrew Ellis , Goodwin Procter LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Petitioners-Appellees/Cross-Appellants.

Nina Rabin , University of Arizona College of Law, Tucson, AZ, for Amici Curiae Social Science Researchers and Professors.

James H. Moon , James J. Farrell , Nathan M. Saper , Latham & Watkins LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Amici Curiae National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and the Judge David L. Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law.

Sarah H. Paoletti , University of Pennsylvania Law School Transnational Legal Clinic, Philadelphia, PA, for Amici Curiae International Law Professors and Human Rights Clinicians and Clinical Programs.

Holly Stafford Cooper , University of California Davis Law School Immigration Law Clinic, Davis, CA, for Amicus Curiae University of California Davis Law School Immigration Law Clinic.

Before: KIM McLANE WARDLAW and RONALD M. GOULD, Circuit Judges and SAM E. HADDON, District Judge.


OPINION

This is the latest decision in our decade-long examination of civil, i.e. non-punitive and merely preventative, detention in the immigration context. As we noted in our prior decision in this case, Rodriguez v. Robbins (Rodriguez II),

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