Attorney(s) appearing for the Case
Lawrence G. Wasden , Attorney General, Steven L. Olsen , Chief of Civil Litigation Division, W. Scott Zanzig , Deputy Attorney General, and Clay R. Smith , Deputy Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Boise, ID, for Defendant-Appellant Christopher Rich and Intervenor-Defendant-Appellant State of Idaho.
Monte Neil Stewart (argued) and Daniel W. Bower , Stewart Taylor & Morris PLLC, Boise, ID; Thomas C. Perry and Cally A. Younger , Office of the Governor, Boise, ID, for Defendant-Appellant Governor C.L. "Butch" Otter.
Deborah A. Ferguson (argued), The Law Office of Deborah A. Ferguson, PLLC, Boise, ID; Craig Harrison Durham , Durham Law Office, PLLC, Boise, ID; Shannon P. Minter and Christopher F. Stoll , National Center for Lesbian Rights, San Francisco, CA, for Plaintiffs-Appellees Susan Latta, Traci Ehlers, Lori Watsen, Sharene Watsen, Shelia Robertson, Andrea Altmayer, Amber Beierle, and Rachael Robertson.
Tara L. Borelli (argued), Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., Atlanta, GA; Jon W. Davidson , Peter C. Renn , and Shelbi D. Day , Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., Los Angeles, CA; Carla Christofferson , Dawn Sestito , Dimitri Portnoi , Melanie Cristol , and Rahi Azizi , O'Melveny & Myers LLP, Los Angeles, CA; Kelly H. Dove and Marek P. Bute , Snell & Wilmer LLP, Las Vegas, NV, for Plaintiffs-Appellants Beverly Sevcik, Mary Baranovich, Antioco Carrillo, Theodore Small, Karen Goody, Karen Vibe, Fletcher Whitwell, Greg Flamer, Mikyla Miller, Katrina Miller, Adele Terranova, Tara Newberry, Caren Cafferata-Jenkins, Farrell Cafferata-Jenkins, Megan Lanz, Sara Geiger.
Catherine Cortez Masto , Attorney General, C. Wayne Howle , Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General, Carson City, NV, for Defendant-Appellee Governor Brian Sandoval.
Neil A. Rombardo , District Attorney, Randal R. Munn , Chief Deputy District Attorney, Joseph L. Ward, Jr. , Senior Deputy District Attorney, Carson City District Attorney's Office, Carson City, NV, for Defendant-Appellee Alan Glover.
Monte Neil Stewart (argued), Craig G. Taylor , and Daniel W. Bower , Stewart Taylor & Morris PLLC, Boise, ID, for Intervenor-Defendant-Appellee Coalition for the Protection of Marriage.
Shannon P. Minter , Christopher F. Stoll , and Samantha Ames , National Center for Lesbian Rights, San Francisco, CA, for Amici Curiae 13 Public Interest and Legal Service Organizations.
Michael L. Whitlock , Susan Baker Manning , Jared A. Craft , Sara Carian , John A. Polito , and Erik Wilson , Bingham McCutchen LLP, Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae 27 Employers and Organizations Representing Employers.
Byron J. Babione , David Austin R. Nimocks , and James A. Campbell , Alliance Defending Freedom, Scottsdale, AZ, for Amicus Curiae Alliance Defending Freedom.
Dean Robert Broyles , Western Center for Law & Policy, Escondido, CA, for Amicus Curiae Helen M. Alvare.
Margaret A. McLetchie and Lisa Rasmussen , Langford McLetchie LLC, Las Vegas, NV; Daniel M. Gluck and Lois K. Perrin , ACLU of Hawai'i Foundation, Honolulu, HI, for Amici Curiae American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Nevada and American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Hawai'i.
Nathalie F.P. Gilfoyle , American Psychological Association, Washington D.C.; Paul M. Smith , Jenner & Block LLP, Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae American Psychological Association, American Psychiatric Association, and National Association of Social Workers.
Nathalie F.P. Gilfoyle , American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.; Paul M. Smith , Jenner & Block LLP, Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae American Psychological Association, National Association of Social Workers, American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy, American Psychoanalytic Association, and Hawaii Psychological Association.
Carmine D. Boccuzzi, Jr. , Mark A. Lightner , Andra Troy , and Andrew P. Meiser , Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, New York, NY, for Amicus Curiae American Sociological Association.
Rocky C. Tsai , Samuel P. Bickett , and Rebecca Harlow , Ropes & Gray LLP, San Francisco, CA; Steven M. Freeman , Seth M. Marnin , and Michelle Deutchman , Anti-Defamation League, New York, NY, for Amici Curiae Anti-Defamation League, Americans United for the Separation of Church and State, Bend the Arc: A Jewish Partnership for Justice, Central Conference of American Rabbis, Global Justice Institute, Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Organization of America, Hindu American Foundation, Interfaith Alliance Foundation, Japanese American Citizens League, Jewish Social Policy Action Network, Keshet, Metropolitan Community Churches, More Light Presbyterians, National Council of Jewish Women, Nehirim, People for the American Way Foundation, Presbyterian Welcome, Reconcilingworks: Lutherans for Full Participation, Reconstructionist Rabbinical College and Jewish Reconstructionist Communities, Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund, Society for Humanistic Judaism, T'ruah: The Rabbinic Call for Human Rights, Women of Reform Judaism, and Women's League for Conservative Judaism.
Rocky C. Tsai , Samuel P. Bickett , Rebecca Harlow , and Idin Kashefipour , Ropes & Gray LLP, San Francisco, CA; Steven M. Freeman , Seth M. Marnin , and Michelle Deutchman , Anti-Defamation League, New York, NY; Eric Alan Isaacson , Anti-Defamation League, San Diego, CA, for Amici Curiae Anti-Defamation League, Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Bend the Arc: A Jewish Partnership for Justice, Board of Trustees of the Pacific Central District/Unitarian Universalist Association, Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Organization of America, Hindu American Foundation, Interfaith Alliance Foundation, Interfaith Alliance Hawai'i, Japanese American Citizens League, Keshet, National Council of Jewish Women, Metropolitan Community Churches, More Light Presbyterians, Nehirim, Pacific Central District/Unitarian Universalist Association, Pacific Southwest District/Unitarian Universalist Association, People for the American Way Foundation, Reconcilingworks: Lutherans for Full Participation, Religious Institute, Inc., Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund, Society for Humanistic Judaism, South Asian Americans Leading Together, Southern California Nevada Conference of the United Church of Christ, T'ruah: The Rabbinic Call for Human Rights, Union for Reform Judaism, Central Conference of American Rabbis, Women of Reform Judaism, Unitarian Universalist Association, Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches, and Women's League for Conservative Judaism.
Jyotin Hamid and Joseph Rome , Debevoise & Plimpton LLP, New York, NY, for Amicus Curiae Professor Carlos A. Ball.
Daniel McNeel Lane, Jr. , Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, San Antonio, TX; Jessica M. Weisel , Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Amici Curiae Historians of Marriage Peter W. Bardaglio, Norma Basch, Stephanie Coontz, Nancy F. Cott, Toby L. Ditz, Laura F. Edwards, Michael Grossberg, Hendrik Hartog, Ellen Herman, Martha Hodes, Linda K. Kerber, Alice Kessler-Harris, Elaine Tyler May, Serena Mayeri, Steve Mintz, Elizabeth Pleck, Carole Shammas, Mary L. Shanley, Amy Dru Stanley, and Barbara Welke.
Jerome C. Roth and Amelia L.B. Sargent , Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP, San Francisco, CA, for Amici Curiae Bay Area Lawyers for Individual Freedom, et al.
Jeffrey S. Trachtman , Norman C. Simon , Jason M. Moff , Kurt M. Denk , and Jessica N. Witte , Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP, New York, NY, for Amici Curiae Bishops of the Episcopal Church in Idaho, General Synod of the United Church of Christ, Mormons for Equality, Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association, Reconstructionist Rabbinical College and Jewish Reconstructionist Communities, Union for Reform Judaism, Unitarian Universalist Association, Affirmation, Covenant Network of Presbyterians, Methodist Federation for Social Action, More Light Presbyterians, Presbyterian Welcome, Reconciling Ministries Network, Reconcilingworks: Lutherans for Full Participation, Religious Institute, Inc., and 38 Faith Leaders in the State of Idaho.
John C. Eastman , Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence, Chapman University, Orange, CA; D. John Sauer , Clark & Sauer, LLC, for Amici Curiae Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence and 27 Scholars of Federalism and Judicial Restraint.
Lynn D. Wardle , J. Reuben Clark Law School, Provo, UT; Stephen Kent Ehat , Lindon, UT, for Amici Curiae Center for Urban Renewal and Education, Coalition of African-American Pastors USA, and Frederick Douglass Foundation, Inc.
Suzanne B. Goldberg , Columbia Law School Sexuality and Gender Law Clinic, New York, NY, for Amicus Curiae Columbia Law School Sexuality and Gender Law Clinic.
Holly Carmichael , San Jose, CA, for Amicus Curiae Concerned Women for America.
Lawrence J. Joseph , Law Office of Lawrence J. Joseph, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae Eagle Forum Education and Legal Defense Fund.
Katherine Keating and Robert Esposito , Bryan Cave LLP, San Francisco, CA, for Amicus Curiae Family Equality Council and Colage.
K. Lee Marshall , Katherine Keating , Tracy Talbot , and Robert Esposito , Bryan Cave LLP, San Francisco, CA, for Amici Curiae Family Equality Council, Equality Hawaii Foundation, We Are Family, and Colage.
Joanna L. Grossman , Hofstra Law School, Hempstead, NY; Marjory A. Gentry , Arnold & Porter LLP, San Francisco, CA, for Amici Curiae Family Law and Conflict of Laws Professors.
Joan Heifetz Hollinger , Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA; Courtney Joslin , UC Davis School of Law, Davis, CA; Laura W. Brill and Meaghan.
L. Field , Kendall Brill & Klieger LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Amici Curiae Family Law Professors.
Elizabeth L. Deeley , Sarah E. Piepmeier , and Raghay Krishnapriyan , Kirkland & Ellis LLP, for Amicus Curiae Gary J. Gates.
Brad W. Seiling and Benjamin G. Shatz , Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Amicus Curiae Gary J. Gates.
Mary L. Bonauto , Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders, Boston, MA, for Amicus Curiae Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders Charles S. Limandri, Freedom of Conscience Defense Fund, Rancho Santa Fe, CA, for Amici Curiae Robert P. George, Sherif Girgis, and Ryan T. Anderson.
Nicholas M. O'Donnell , Sullivan & Worcester LLP, Boston, MA, for Amicus Curiae GLMA-Health Professionals Advancing LGBT Equality.
Lynn D. Wardle , Brigham Young University Law School, Provo, UT, for Amici Curiae Professors Alan J. Hawkins and Jason S. Carroll.
Rita F. Lin and Sara Bartel , Morrison & Foerster LLP, San Francisco, CA, for Amici Curiae Joan Heifetz Hollinger, Courtney Joslin, and 63 Other Family Law Professors.
Catherine E. Stetson , Erica Knievel-Songer , Mary Helen Wimberly , Madeline H. Gitomer , Jenna N. Jacobson , Hogan Lovells U.S. LLP, Washington D.C., for Amicus Curiae Historians of Antigay Discrimination.
Aderson Bellegarde Francois , Howard University School of Law Civil Rights Clinic, Washington, D.C.; Brad W. Seiling and Benjamin G. Shatz , Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Amicus Curiae Howard University School of Law Civil Rights Clinic.
Gregory F. Zoeller , Attorney General, and Thomas M. Fisher , Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN; Luther Strange , Attorney General, State of Alabama; Michael C. Geraghty , Attorney General, State of Alaska; Thomas C. Horne , Attorney General, State of Arizona; John Suthers , Attorney General, State of Colorado; Lawrence G. Wasden , Attorney General, State of Idaho; Timothy C. Fox , Attorney General, State of Montana; Jon Bruning , Attorney General, State of Nebraska; E. Scott Pruitt , Attorney General, State of Oklahoma; Alan Wilson , Attorney General, State of South Carolina; Sean Reyes , Attorney General, State of Utah, for Amici Curiae States of Indiana, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Utah.
Robert H. Tyler and Jennifer L. Bursch , Advocates for Faith and Freedom, Murrieta, CA, for Amicus Curiae Institute for Marriage and Public Policy.
G. David Carter , Joseph P. Bowser , and Hunter T. Carter , Arent Fox LLP, Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae Law Enforcement Officers, First Responders, and Organizations.
Stephen M. Crampton , Mary E. McAlister , and Mandi D. Campbell , Liberty Counsel, Lynchburg, VA; Mathew D. Staver and Anita L. Staver , Liberty Counsel, Orlando, FL, for Amici Curiae Liberty Counsel.
William C. Duncan , Marriage Law Foundation, Lehi, UT, for Amicus Curiae Marriage Law Foundation.
Martha Coakley , Attorney General, Genevieve C. Nadeau , Assistant Attorney General, and Jonathan B. Miller , Assistant Attorney General, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office of the Attorney General, Boston, MA; Kamala D. Harris , Attorney General of California, Sacramento, CA; George Jepsen , Attorney General of Connecticut, Hartford, CT; Joseph R. Biden, III , Attorney General of Delaware, Department of Justice, Wilmington, DE; Irvin B. Nathan , Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC; Lisa Madigan , Attorney General of Illinois, Chicago, IL; Tom Miller , Attorney General of Iowa, Des Moines, IA; Janet T. Mills , Attorney General of Maine, Augusta, ME; Douglas F. Gansler , Attorney General of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Joseph A. Foster , Attorney General of New Hampshire, Concord, NH; Gary K. King , Attorney General of New Mexico, Santa Fe, NM; Eric T. Schneiderman , Attorney General of New York, New York, NY; Ellen F. Rosenblum, Attorney General of Oregon, Salem, OR; William H. Sorrell , Attorney General of Vermont, Montpelier, VT; Robert W. Ferguson , Attorney General of Washington, Olympia, WA, for Amici Curiae Massachusetts, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington.
Gerard V. Bradley , Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN, for Amicus Curiae Dr. Paul McHugh.
Sherrilyn Ifill , Christina A. Swarns , Natasha M. Korgaonkar , and Ria Tabacco Mar , NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc., New York, NY, for Amicus Curiae NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc.
Bruce A. Wessel , Moez M. Kaba , C. Mitchell Hendy , and Brian Eggleston , Irell & Manella LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Amici Curiae National and Western States Women's Rights Organizations.
Marcia D. Greenberger and Emily J. Martin , National Women's Law Center, Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae National Women's Law Center, Gender Justice, Legal Momentum, Legal Voice, National Association of Women Lawyers, National Partnership for Women & Families, Southwest Women's Law Center, Women Lawyers Association of Michigan, Women's Law Project, and Professors of Law Associated with the Williams Institute.
Marcia D. Greenberger , Emily J. Martin , and Cortelyou C. Kenney , National Women's Law Center, Washington, D.C.; David C. Codell , Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, Los Angeles, CA, for Amici Curiae National Women's Law Center, Williams Institute Scholars of Sexual Orientation and Gender Law, and Women's Legal Groups.
Abbe David Lowell and Christopher D. Man , Chadbourne & Parke LLP, Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae Outserve — SLDN and American Military Partner Association.
Kevin T. Snider , Pacific Justice Institute, Sacramento, CA, for Amicus Curiae Pacific Justice Institute.
Jiyun Cameron Lee and Andrew J. Davis , Folger Levin LLP, San Francisco, CA, for Amicus Curiae Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays, Inc.
Mark W. Mosier and Jennifer Schwartz , Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae Political Science Professors.
Abram J. Pafford , Pafford Lawrence & Childress PLLC, Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae Professors of Social Science.
David Alan Robinson , North Haven, CT, for Amicus Curiae David Alan Robinson.
Alexander Dushku , R. Shawn Gunnarson , and Justin W. Starr , Kifton & McConkie, Salt Lake City, UT, for Amici Curiae United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, National Association of Evangelicals, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention, and Lutheran Church — Missouri Synod.
Opinion by Judge REINHARDT; Concurrence by Judge REINHARDT; Concurrence by Judge BERZON.
