JOHN v. U.S.

No. 09-36122, 09-36125, 09-36127.

720 F.3d 1214 (2013)

Katie JOHN; Charles Erhart; Alaska Inter-Tribal Council; Native Village of Tanana; State of Alaska, Plaintiffs, and Alaska Fish and Wildlife Conservation Fund; Alaska Fish and Wildlife Federation and Outdoor Council; John Conrad; Michael Tinker, Plaintiffs-Intervenors-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America; Mike Johanns; Sally Jewell, Secretary of the Interior, Defendants-Appellees, Alaska Federation of Natives, Defendant-Intervenor-Appellee. Katie John; Charles Erhart; Alaska Inter-Tribal Council; Native Village of Tanana, Plaintiffs, Alaska Fish and Wildlife Conservation Fund; Alaska Fish and Wildlife Federation and Outdoor Council; John Conrad; Michael Tinker, Plaintiffs-Intervenors, and State of Alaska, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. United States Of America; Mike Johanns; Sally Jewell, Secretary of the Interior, Defendants-Appellees, Alaska Federation of Natives, Defendant-Intervenor-Appellee. Katie John; Charles Erhart; Alaska Inter-Tribal Council; Native Village of Tanana, Plaintiffs-Appellants, and State of Alaska, Plaintiff, Alaska Fish and Wildlife Conservation Fund; Alaska Fish and Wildlife Federation and Outdoor Council; John Conrad; Michael Tinker, Plaintiffs-Intervenors, v. United States of America; Mike Johanns; Sally Jewell, Secretary of the Interior, Defendants-Appellees, Alaska Federation of Natives, Defendant-Intervenor-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed July 5, 2013.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Michael G. Mitchell (argued), Michael W. Sewright , Assistant Attorneys General, Anchorage, AK; William P. Horn and James H. Lister , Birch, Horton, Bittner, and Cherot, Washington, D.C., for Appellant State of Alaska.

Will Sherman for Appellants Alaska Fish and Wildlife Federation and Outdoor Council, Alaska Fish & Wildlife Conservation Fund, Michael Tinker, and John Conrad.

Heather Kendall-Miller (argued), Native American Rights Fund, Anchorage, AK, for Appellants Katie John, Charles Erhart, Alaska Inter-Tribal Council, and Native Village of Tanana.

Elizabeth Ann Peterson (argued), United States Department of Justice, Environmental & Natural Resources Division, Washington, D.C., for Appellees United States of America, Mike Johanns and Sally Jewell.

Robert T. Anderson (argued), University of Washington School of Law, Seattle, WA, for Appellee Alaska Federation of Natives.

Peter J. Ampe , First Assistant Attorney General, Federal and Interstate Water Unit, Denver, CO, for Amicus Curiae State of Colorado; Stephen R. Farris , Assistant Attorney General, Director, Water, Environment, and Utilities Division, Santa Fe, NM, for Amicus Curiae State of New Mexico; Peter K. Michael , Senior Assistant Attorney General, Cheyenne, WY, for Amicus Curiae State of Wyoming.

Before: WILLIAM C. CANBY, JR., ANDREW J. KLEINFELD, and CONSUELO M. CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

KLEINFELD, Senior Circuit Judge:

These consolidated appeals concern the 1999 Final Rules ("1999 Rules") promulgated by the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture ("Secretaries") to implement part of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act ("ANILCA").1 The 1999 Rules identify which navigable waters within Alaska constitute "public lands"...

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