WARD v. POLITE

Nos. 10-2100, 10-2145.

667 F.3d 727 (2012)

Julea WARD, Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Appellee, v. Vernon POLITE; Irene Ametrano; Perry Francis; Gary Marx; Paula Stanifer; Yvonne Callaway; Suzanne Dugger, Defendants-Appellees/Cross-Appellants, Roy Wilbanks; Floyd Clack; Gary D. Hawks; Philip Incarnati; Mohamed Okdie; Francine Parker; Thomas W. Sidlik; James Stapleton; Susan Martin, Defendants.

United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.

Decided and Filed: January 27, 2012.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: Jeremy D. Tedesco , Alliance Defense Fund, Scottsdale, Arizona, for Plaintiff. Mark T. Boonstra , Miller Canfield, Paddock and Stone, P.L.C., Ann Arbor, Michigan, for Defendants. ON BRIEF: Jeremy D. Tedesco , Alliance Defense Fund, Scottsdale, Arizona, David A. French , Alliance Defense Fund, Columbia, Tennessee, Steven M. Jentzen , Ypsilanti, Michigan, for Plaintiff. Mark T. Boonstra , David R. Grand , Miller Canfield, Paddock and Stone, P.L.C., Ann Arbor, Michigan, for Defendants. Eugene Volokh , UCLA School of Law, Los Angeles, California, Walter M. Weber , American Center for Law & Justice, Washington, D.C., Deborah J. Dewart , Swansboro, North Carolina, Benjamin D. DuPré , Foundation for Moral Law, Montgomery, Alabama, Eric C. Rassbach , The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, Washington, D.C., Gregory M. Lipper , Ayesha N. Khan , Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Washington, D.C., David Sapir Lesser , Brian A. Sutherland , Alan E. Schoenfeld , Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, New York, New York, Jill M. Wheaton , Lauren M. London , Dykema Gossett PLLC, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Camilla B. Taylor , Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, Michael J. Steinberg , ACLU Fund of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, Daniel Mach , American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, Washington, D.C., Debra A. Kowich , University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Bruce H. Edwards , Michigan Attorney General, Lansing, Michigan, for Amici Curiae.

Before: GIBBONS and SUTTON, Circuit Judges; ADAMS, District Judge.


OPINION

SUTTON, Circuit Judge.

In its graduate-level counseling-degree program, Eastern Michigan University prohibits students from discriminating against others based on sexual orientation and teaches students to affirm a client's values during counseling sessions. In three years with the program, Julea Ward frequently expressed a conviction that her faith (Christianity) prevented her from affirming a client's same-sex relationships as well as certain heterosexual...

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