COALITION TO DEFEND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION v. REGENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Nos. 08-1387, 08-1389, 08-1534, 09-1111.

652 F.3d 607 (2011)

COALITION TO DEFEND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, INTEGRATION AND IMMIGRANT RIGHTS AND FIGHT FOR EQUALITY BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY (BAMN), et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants (08-1387)/Cross-Appellees, v. REGENTS OF the UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Board of Trustees of Michigan State University; Board of Governors of Wayne State University; Mary Sue Coleman; Irvin D. Reid; Lou Anna K. Simon, Defendants-Appellees/Cross-Appellants (08-1534), Michael Cox, Michigan Attorney General, Intervenor-Defendant-Appellee. Coalition to Defend Affirmation Action, Integration and Immigrant Rights and Fight for Equality by any Means Necessary (BAMN), et al., Plaintiffs, Chase Cantrell, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Regents of the University of Michigan, Board of Trustees of Michigan State University; Board of Governors of Wayne State University; Mary Sue Coleman; Irvin D. Reid; Lou Anna K. Simon, Defendants, Eric Russell, Intervenor-Defendant-Appellant, Jennifer Gratz, Proposed Intervenor-Appellant. Coalition to Defend Affirmation Action, Integration and Immigrant Rights and Fight for Equality by any Means Necessary (BAMN), et al., Plaintiffs, Chase Cantrell, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Regents of the University of Michigan, Board of Trustees of Michigan State University; Board of Governors of Wayne State University; Mary Sue Coleman; Irvin D. Reid; Lou Anna K. Simon, Defendants, Michael Cox, Michigan Attorney General, Intervenor-Defendant-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.

Decided and Filed: July 1, 2011.

Rehearing En Banc Granted, Opinion Vacated September 9, 2011.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: George Boyer Washington,   Shanta Driver, Scheff, Washington & Driver, P.C., Detroit, Michigan, Karin A. DeMasi, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, New York, New York, Mark D. Rosenbaum, ACLU Foundation of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, for Plaintiffs. Margaret A. Nelson, Office of the Michigan Attorney General, Lansing, Michigan, Leonard M. Niehoff, Len Niehoff & Associates, Chelsea, Michigan, Jesse Panuccio, Cooper & Kirk, PLLC, Washington, D.C., for Defendants. ON BRIEF: George Boyer Washington,   Shanta Driver, Scheff, Washington & Driver, P.C., Detroit, Michigan, Karin A. DeMasi, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, New York, New York, Mark D. Rosenbaum, ACLU Foundation of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, Kary L. Moss,   Michael J. Steinberg,   Mark P. Fancher, ACLU Fund of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, Joshua I. Civin, NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc., Washington, D.C., for Plaintiffs. Margaret A. Nelson,   Heather S. Meingast, Office of the Michigan Attorney General, Lansing, Michigan, Leonard M. Niehoff, Len Niehoff & Associates, Chelsea, Michigan, Jesse Panuccio,   Charles J. Cooper,   David H. Thompson, Cooper & Kirk, PLLC, Washington, D.C., Kerry L. Morgan, Pentiuk, Couvereur & Kobiljak, Wyandotte, Michigan, Michael E. Rosman, Center for Individual Rights, Washington, D.C., for Defendants. Daniel M. Levy, Michigan Department of Civil Rights, Detroit, Michigan, for Amicus Curiae. Sharon L. Browne, Pacific Legal Foundation, Sacramento, California, for Amicus Curiae.

COLE, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAUGHTREY, J., joined. GIBBONS, J. (pp. 633-46), delivered a separate opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part.


OPINION

COLE, Circuit Judge.

Proposal 2 is a successful voter-initiated amendment to the Michigan Constitution. In relevant part, it prohibits Michigan's public colleges and universities from granting "preferential treatment to[] any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin." Mich. Const. art. I, § 26. Our task is to determine whether Proposal 2 is constitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth...

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