WILDERNESS SOC. v. U.S. FOREST SERVICE

No. 09-35200.

630 F.3d 1173 (2011)

The WILDERNESS SOCIETY; Prairie Falcon Audubon, Inc., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE; Jane P. Kollmeyer; Scott C. Nannenga, Defendants, and Magic Valley Trail Machine Association; Idaho Recreation Council; Blueribbon Coalition, Inc., Intervenor-Applicants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed January 14, 2011.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Paul A. Turcke (argued) of Moore Smith Buxton & Turcke (Boise, ID), for the appellants.

David A. Bahr , Megan O'Reilly (argued), and Erik Schlenker-Goodrich of Western Environmental Law Center (Taos, NM and Eugene, OR), and Scott W. Reed (Coeur d'Alene, ID) for the appellees.

Ignacia S. Moreno , Assistant Attorney General, Aaron Avila, and Katherine W. Hazard of the U.S. Department of Justice (Washington, D.C.) for amicus United States.

Paul L. Gale (argued), Erik M. Pritchard , and Jacqueline S. Treu of Troutman Sanders LLP (Irvine, CA) for amici Motorcycle Industry Council and Specialty Vehicle Institute of America.

Jeffrey W. Leppo and Jason T. Morgan of Stoel Rives LLP (Seattle, WA) for amicus The Alaska Oil and Gas Association.

Ronald S. Yockim (Roseburg, OR) for amici Coos County, Grant County, Harney County, and Wallowa County.

Roger R. Martella, Jr. , Peter R. Steeland, Jr. , and Matthew D. Krueger of Sidley Austin LLP (Washington, D.C.), for amici American Petroleum Institute, Chamber of Commerce of the United States, Croplife America, National Association of Manufacturers, and National Petrochemical and Refiners Association.

Michael B. Wigmore and Sandra P. Franco of Bingham McCutchen LLP (Washington, D.C.), for amicus Western States Petroleum Association.

Elizabeth E. Howard and Dominic M. Carollo of Dunn Carney Allen Higgins & Tongue LLP (Portland, OR) for amici Steens Mountain Landowner Group, Oregon Cattlemen's Association, Oregon Cattlemen's Public Lands Committee, Oregon Farm Bureau Federation, Public Lands Council, and National Cattlemen's Beef Association.

Anna M. Seidman and Douglas S. Burdin of Safari Club International (Washington, D.C.), for amicus Safari Club International.

Murray D. Feldman and William G. Myers III of Holland & Hart LLP (Boise, ID) and Dana R. Walsh of Southern Nevada Water Authority (Las Vegas, NV), for amicus Southern Nevada Water Authority.

Albert M. Ferlo , Donald C. Baur , and Guy R. Martin of Perkins Coie LLP (Washington, D.C.), for amicus Western Urban Water Coalition.

Julie A. Weis and Christopher Lundberg of Haglund Kelly Horngren Jones & Wilder LLP (Portland, OR), William K. Barquin , Attorney General of Kootenai Tribe of Idaho (Bonners Ferry, ID), Stuart M. Levit and John Harrison of Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (Pablo, MT), Brett Kenney of Coquille Indian Tribe (North Bend, OR), David C. Bonga of Kalispel Tribe (Airway Heights, WA), William Bacon of Shoshone-Bannock Tribes (Fort Hall, ID), and Catherine Tufts of Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians (Siletz, OR), for amici Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Coquille Indian Tribe, Kalispel Tribe, Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians, and Metlakatla Indian Community.

David F. Hensley , Counsel to the Governor (Boise, ID) and Thomas C. Perry of Idaho Governor's Office of Species Conservation (Boise, ID), and L. Michael Bogert and Amy B. Chasanov of Crowell & Moring LLP (Washington, D.C.), for amici C.L. "Butch" Otter, Governor of Idaho and Idaho Governor's Office of Species Conservation.

Daniel S. Sullivan , Attorney General of State of Alaska, and Lance B. Nelson of Office of the Alaska Attorney General (Anchorage, AK), for amicus State of Alaska.

Scott W. Horngren of American Forest Resource Council (Portland, OR), for amici Alaska Forest Association and Douglas Timber Operators.

Mark C. Rutzick of Mark C. Rutzick, Inc. (Oak Hill, VA), for amicus American Forest Resource Council.

Before: ALEX KOZINSKI, Chief Judge, MARY M. SCHROEDER, HARRY PREGERSON, STEPHEN REINHARDT, PAMELA ANN RYMER, BARRY G. SILVERMAN, SUSAN P. GRABER, M. MARGARET McKEOWN, KIM McLANE WARDLAW, JOHNNIE B. RAWLINSON and JAY S. BYBEE, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

SILVERMAN, Circuit Judge:

Today we revisit our so-called "federal defendant" rule, which categorically prohibits private parties and state and local governments from intervening of right on the merits of claims brought under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ("NEPA"), 42 U.S.C. § 4321 et seq. Because the rule is at odds with the text of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24(a)(2) and the standards we apply in all other intervention...

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