FLORIDA EX REL. ATTORNEY GENERAL v. U.S. DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Nos. 11-11021, 11-11067.

648 F.3d 1235 (2011)

State of FLORIDA, by and through ATTORNEY GENERAL, State of South Carolina, by and through Attorney General, State of Nebraska, by and through Attorney General, State of Texas, by and through Attorney General, State of Utah, by and through Attorney General, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Secretary of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, United States Department of the Treasury, Secretary of the United States Department of Treasury, United States Department of Labor, Secretary of the United States Department of Labor, Defendants-Appellants-Cross-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

August 12, 2011.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Paul D. Clement , Bancroft, PLLC, Lee Alfred Casey , Andrew Grossman , Baker & Hostetler, LLP, David B. Rivkin , Michael Anthony Carvin , Gregory Katsas , C. Kevin Marshall , Hashim M. Mooppan , Jones Day, Washington, DC, Scott Douglas Makar , Joseph W. Jacquot , Timothy David Osterhaus , Blaine H. Winship , Tallahassee, FL, Joseph R. Evans , Evanns & Walsh, Beverly Hills, CA, for Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Katherine Jean Spohn , Lincoln, NE, for State of Nebraska.

William James Cobb, III , Austin, TX, for State of Texas.

Eric B. Beckenhauer , Dana Kaersvang , Neal Kumar Katyal , Brian G. Kennedy , Samantha L. Chaifetz , Alisa B. Klein , Mark B. Stern , U.S. Dept. of Justice, Civ. Div., App. Staff, Washington, DC, for Defendants-Appellants.

Rochelle Bobroff , Nat. Sr. Citizens Law Ctr., Elizabeth B. Wydra , Constitutional Accountability Ctr., Ian Millhiser , Ctr. For Am. Progress, Philip Horton, Arnold & Porter, LLP, Stuart R. Cohen , AARP Found. Lit., Michael B. Kimberly , Mayer Brown, LLP, Frank Paul Bland, Jr. , Pub. Justice, PC, Catherine E. Stetson , Hogan Lovells, US LLP, Walter Estes Dellinger, III ; Jeffrey A. Lamken , MoloLamken, LLP, K. Lee Blalack, II , O'Melveny & Myers, LLP, Molly Suda , K&L Gates, Erik S. Jaffe ; Kenneth Alan Klukowski , Family Research Council, Cory L. Andrews , Wash. Legal Found., John P., Elwood , Vinson, & Elkins, LLP, Hans F., Bader , Competitive Enterprise Inst., Ilya Shapiro , David Rittgers , Cato Inst., Charles J. Cooper , Cooper & Kirk, Steven Engel , Steven Bradbury , Dechert, LLP, Michael E. Rosman , Ctr. for Individual Rights, Carrie Lynn Severino , Judicial Crisis Network, Michael D. Peterson , McGuiness Yager , Washington, DC, Geoffrey D. Strommer , Hobbs, Strauss, Dean, Walker, Keith S. Dubanevich , Or. Dept. of Justice, Kurt Rohlfs , Chernoff Vilhauer , Portland, OR, J. Andrew Hirth , Jefferson City, MO, Jonathan Weissglass , Altshuler Berzon, LLP, San Francisco, CA, John Michael Stephan , Boston, MA, John Stewart Mills , The Mills Firm, PA, Gregory J. Philo ; Paolo Giuseppe Annino , FSU College of Law, Tallahassee, FL, Jane Perkins , Nat. Health Law Program, Chapel Hill, NC, Adam J. Berger , Schroeder Goldmark Bender , Seattle, WA, Melissa Hart , University of Colorado Law Sch., Boulder, CO, Edward Lawrence White, III , Am. Ctr. for Law & Justice, Ann Arbor, MI, Steven J. Lechner , Mountain States Legal Found., Lakewood, CO, Deborah Dewart , Swansboro, NC, George E. Tragos , The Law Office of Tragos & Sartes, Clearwater, FL, Richard Peter Hutchison , Landmark Legal Found., Kansas City, MO, Timothy Sandefur , Luke A. Wake , Pac. Legal Found., Sacramento, CA, Dorinda C. Bordlee , Bioethics Defense Fund, Metairie, LA, Thomas M. Christina , Ogletree, Deakins, NAsh, Smoak & Stewart, PC, Greenville, SC, Victor L. Moldovan , McGuire Woods, LLP, Rebekah N. Plowman , Nelson, Mullins, Riley & Scarborough, LLP, Frank B. Strickland , Anne Ware Lewis , Bryan P. Tyson , Strickland, Brockington, Lewis, LLP, Atlanta, GA, Karen Bryant Tripp , Houston, TX, James F. Blumstein , Professor, Sch. of Law, Nashville, TN, David B. Kopel , Independence Inst., Golden, CO, Deborah Nirmala Misir , Grant Martin Lally , Lally & Misir, Mineola, NY, Anthony T. Caso , Ctr. for Const. Jurisprudence, Chapman Univ. Sch. of Law, Orange, CA, Mario Loyola , Texas Pub. Policy Found., Austin, TX, Geoffrey D. Talmon , Talmon Law Office, PLLC, Boise, ID, Carlos Ramos-Mrosovsky , Baker & Hostetler, LLP, New York City, Noah H. Huffstetler, III , Nelson, Mullins, Riley & Scarborough, LLP, Raleigh, NC, Daniel A. Himebaugh , Pac. Legal Found., Bellevue, WA, for Amici Curiae.

Before DUBINA, Chief Judge, and HULL and MARCUS, Circuit Judges.


DUBINA, Chief Judge, and HULL, Circuit Judge:

Soon after Congress passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Pub.L. No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 (2010), amended by Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 ("HCERA"), Pub.L. No. 111-152, 124 Stat. 1029 (2010) (the "Act"), the plaintiffs brought this action challenging the Act's constitutionality. The plaintiffs are 26 states, private individuals Mary Brown and Kaj Ahlburg, and the National...

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