BERKLEY v. U.S.

No. 01-5057.

287 F.3d 1076 (2002)

Ronald F. BERKLEY, Hafiz W. Aboulhosn, Gale Adair-Gallahan, David J. Adams, John M. Alden, Jr., Connie L. Alge, James R. Allen, Janet L. Allen, John M. Allen, Jonathan Allen, Kevin R. Allen, Keith D. Ammons, Edward Anderson, III, Wilfred D. Andrews, Michael J. Andrzejewski, Jose O.K. Angeles, Carlos Antoline, Edwardo T. Ardis, Charles D. Ardizzone, Wesley A. Ardt, Charles W. Arnold, Robert D. Arthur, David J. Baak, Lucinda M. Babers, Steven J. Bacs, Andrew H. Bagwell, James P. Bahosh, Daniel Baker, Peter M. Balogh, Robert A. Barker, Steven C. Bamett, Jeffrey A. Barshinger, Russell Bartlett, Michael A. Baxter, Charles H. Bearden, III, Garry Beauregard, Perry Beaver, Sr., Darryl Beck, Kenneth Becker, Kurt Bedore, Joseph R. Behrman, William H. Bell, Jr., Richard T. Bell, Judy L. Bennett, Darian D. Benson, Joe B. Berlanga, Todd Bethea, James W. Bingler, Howard C. Bishop, David J. Blaufuss, Dale A. Blum, Chris C. Bobell, John J. Borris, Hubert C. Bowditch, Joseph T. Bracket, Karen D. Bradford, Susax Brandel-Kiddoo, Bruce Brandstetter, Guy A. Breckenridge, Francis W. Brezeczek, Gregory W. Brigman, David Brosius, Herbert T. Brown, Fred B. Brown, II, James H. Bryant, Jr., Mark S. Bryner, Jeffrey J. Buckner, Jeffrey R. Buddendeck, Dennis J. Bueno, Daniel K. Burch, Sr., Jeffrey A. Burdett, Stephen H. Burgess, Anthony J. Burk, Lisa A. Burke, Steven R. Burkman, Mark C. Burks, Brian J. Butterworth, Robert D. Buzzone, Ruben Cadena, Gary Cahayla, David G. Calderone, John C. Caihoon, William Scott Cameron, Jeffrey Cantrell, David A. Carlisle, Joseph F. Caro, Randy L. Carpenter, David R. Carter, Gregory A. Cate, Ernest W. Cecil, Jr., Daniel G. Center, Lawrence J. Cerritelli, II, James Edward Chalkley, II, Jon K. Champion, Fred L. Chavez, James Perry Chavis, Leon S. Cherian, Peter O. Chong, David L. Chorney, Jesse L. Christy, Jeffrey A. Clark, Kimberly Clark, Margaret D. Clark, William L. Clark, Karl Clauser, Brian K. Clonts, Christina Coen, Curtis H. Coleman, John P. Colligan, Douglas W. Collins, Patrick J. Collins, John Condia, Stephen D. Condie, Jeffrey M. Conners, Elliott T. Cook, Donald Coram, Peter W. Cornish, William E. Craft, Jr., Kevin K. Crawford, Robert Crawford, Stephanie Crawford, Stefanie L. Crisanto, John T. Crockett, Timothy D. Croft, Phillip J. Crouch, Curtis G. Crum, Christopher Cummins, Douglas A. Cunningham, Michael W. Cutter, David Czajkowski, Leonard C. Dahle, Lisa M. Danger, Jude T. Darensbourg, John C. Davis, Jordan B. Davis, Mark S. Davis, Michael H. Deal, Thomas A. Deall, Lunia Jones Dean, Christine Deitrick, David Dellinger, Joann Deloy, Alan Demers, Timothy M. Derossett, Michael S. Dickson, Daniel I. Dittmeier, Michael D. Divecchio, Joseph H. Donohoe, Jon Drieling, Dana R. Eads, Alexis Easter, Michael J. Eby, Allen Roy Eckman, Richard Egtvedt, Annette Ehrlich, Thomas K. Elmore, David Engelen, Brian E. Erickson, Marcia S. Eskridge, Geoffrey D. Estes, Brian D. Evans, Timothy Evans, Roy L. Fabbrini, III, Rebecca Feaster, Richard Fecteau, Ivan Ferrer, Driller L. Fiegel, Terry D. Fields, Jerald E. Fiscus, Howard Steve Fisher, Michael R. Foley, Edward F. Ford, Todd A. Fosse, Robert Fotino, Robert J. Fournier, Dale M. Fox, Jerald Wayne Fox, Patricia Fox, Martin C. Foye, Ronald Frakes, Jr., Danny Fredell, James B. Freeman, Jr., Michael Furstenau, John C. Gafford, David I. Gaisford, James K. Galloway, William C. Galloway, Roy A. Galusha, Keith Garber, Michael J. Gaspar, Donald D. Gasper, Steven A. Genn, Bradley Gittings, Ronald D. Glovach, Bradley C. Goble, Randall W. Goff, Jerry W. Golden, Albert Gonzalez, Elizabeth M. Good, Vincent A. Gramaglia, Russell J. Granger, Eugene D. Granville, Mark Graver, Daniel L. Green, Stephanie S. Green, Ingrid Greenidge-Peterson, Orlando V. Griego, Todd Griffin, Catherine Lynn Griffith, Mark Groves, Mark R. Grudzien, Thomas Gutierrez, Christopher R. Guzman, John A. Hale, Michael C. Hall, James R. Hall, Jr., Stephen R. Hall, Vernon O. Haltom, Craig D. Hannah, Erik Hansen, James R.C. Hansen, Alan D. Hardenstine, Michael Hardison, Malcolm L. Harris, David O. Hart, Donald A. Harvey, Jerry Alan Harvey, Craig Hatch, Steven C. Hawley, Todd H. Hay, Theresa E.C. Haynes, Curtis R. Heath, Scott Andrew Hedges, Robert D. Heinlen, Samuel Lee Hendricks, Jr., Brian G. Henneman, Kevin F. Hennessey, Todd James Henney, Michelle D. Herrman, Michael R. Herron, William C. Hillkier, Fernando Hincapie, Robert B. Hitchins, Andrew D. Hock, Walter A. Hodge, Dewayne Allen Hodges, David Hofman, Daniel E. Hogan, Bobby Milton Holland, Marion Lee Holmes, Alan K. Holt, Kristian William Holvoet, Jane Hombordy Sessions, Curtis O. Honeycutt, George Hooper, III, Anthony B. Hoover, Kelly Horej Si-Clouse, Robert Huber, Kelly J. Hughes, Shields Hunter, Jr., Charles Alan Hurry, David M. Husk, Joseph Dean Hutchins, David P. Jaacks, Larry L. Jacobs, Jeffrey James, Gary L. Jefferson, Kimberly A. Jenkins, Brian C. Johnson, Dale Johnson, Darryl G. Johnson, David C. Johnson, Mark A. Johnson, Brian D. Jones, David Jordan, Martina Joseph, David J. Juras, William C. Kane, Eric L. Kase, David A. Kaweck, Robert G. Kayser, Jr., Daniel Keller, William Kennings, Jr., Charles W. Kern, David W. Kern, Richard D. Ketch, Michael B. Kettering, Marvin B. Key, Jr., Paul K.T. Kim, Kenneth D. King., Douglas Clayton Kinneard, Robert F. Kirksey, Jane L. Kitchen, Lawrence E. Klatt, Kenneth S. Klawonn, Robert M. Kolb, Kris Kollar, Tommy Konola, William J. Kopps, David Stuart Koretsky, Jamie B. Kriebel, Alice Krohn-Belcher, Richard A. Krull, Julia Kyrazis, Victor O. Laboy, Garret Lacy, Adam C.P. Lamb, James Emile Lamoureux, Jr., Albert L. Lancaster, Jr., John L. Landgraf, Robert W. Lane, III, Theodore J. Lawson, Jay D. Learned, James A. Leenders, II, Mark E. Laflamme, Viren K. Lemmer, Sally Lengyel, Richard Lentz, Jr., Maria Y. Leos, Robert T. Leslie, David S. Levenson, John F. Levi, John W. Lewis, Steven T. Liddy, Pamela Lill, Christopher Line, Michael J. Littlefield, Lawrence M. Lomonaco, Rick D. Longley, John Loscher, James Lovelace, Ronald Lundell, Forrest Joe Lykins, Jr., Michael P. Lynch, Sherman Maddux, Gary A. Madia, Jeffrey Madsen, Leathon F. Magee, Todd Magee, Kevin L. Magner, Steven E. Maier, Matthew R. Mailloux, Harold Tracey Mango, Wayne Anthony Mann, Jerry Marcu, David R. Martens, Walter J. Martens, Jr., John E. Martinausky, Stephen A. Marxer, Gregory Matayoshi, Leonard H. Mattingly, Jr., David R. Mattson, Robert L. McCabe, Philip J. McCarthy, Sean McClung, Robert M. McClure, Darryl McDonal, Michael C. McLachlan, Douglas P. Meador, Terry Medley, Christopher R. Mencel, Ann Mergo, Frank J. Merrick, Joseph C. Messer, Nicholas Mestanas, Timothy J. Meyers, Richard A. Mihovilich, Guy L. Milanovits, Christopher S. Miller, Christopher Thomas Miller, Jeffrey R. Miller, Michael W. Miller, James F. Miraglia, Scott B. Montana, David J. Montgomery, Ned R. Moon, James E. Moore, Jr., Kenneth Moore, Samuel Russell Moore, Glen Allen Moorman, Steven L. Morgan, Heide Mowery, Gregory B. Moyd, Dawyne J. Mozell, Patrick V. Mulvihill, Mark W. Muschinske, Ranny A. Nagrampa, Kevin Nasypany, Christopher Nath, Thomas J. Nations, Timothy B. Nelson, Curtis Yates Neufeld, Brett A. Newman, John R. Newman, John E. Niamtu, Stephen B. Nichols, Karen Noakes, Matthew B. Nolen, Linda H. Norwood, Scott M. Nussbaum, James Franklin Oakley, Larry Mitchell Oates, Jr., David M. Odell, Hugh O'Donnell, Daniel Ohair, Thomas G. Ohland, Didier Opotowsky, Ray C. Ordonia, James O'Reagan, Mark T. Orlowski, Michael L. Orwig, John D. Ostrom, Jr., Joel Ostrovsky, Scott A. Ostrow, Ervin B. Padgett, III, Daniel Thomas Padgette, Carlton Painter, Jr., Gregory W. Pait, Ped Palmer, Johnnie Parkin, Jr., Ernest Paul Parra, Mark Allen Payne, John S. Payton, Michael J. Pelcher, Valerie Pelton, Thomas O. Pemberton, Brian E. Perion, Jerry Pernell, Micheal L. Pettigrew, Lisa M. Phelps, Orville Wayne Philips, Anthony Derral Phillips, Kurt L. Phillips, Martin B. Phillips, Wade H. Phillips, Melvin L. Pieper, Kent Pierce, Merlo Pile, Brian A. Pilz, Thomas D. Pitotti, Terry L. Pittman, Kyle Ploehn, Kevin J. Poling, Annette Poole, Robert A. Pouliot, Joseph M. Pratt, Janet L. Presson, Guy S. Preston, Kenneth L. Prestridge, Sterett R. Prevost, Tracey M. Price, Todd A. Protzman, Brent A. Rager, Santos Ramirez, Rafael A. Ramirez-Torres, Charles Ramsdale, II, Larry Randel, Otis R. Ransaw, Donald Reckart, Donald E. Reeder, Jr., Mark J. Reese, Robert Rego, David D. Remington, Scott A. Reynolds, Steven L. Reynolds, Robert C. Rhoden, Jeffrey S. Richardson, Donald W. Richey, Joseph Rinaldi, Philip E. Rizzo, Michael A. Roberts, Christopher Robertson, Glenn C. Robinson, John M. Robinson, Nancy C. Robinson, Patrick W. Robinson, Phillip Rockwell, Seth E. Rodack, Jeffrey D. Roese, Kenneth C. Rogers, Michael Scott Rogers, Mark Roland, Larry Rolfson, Mark A. Ross, David A. Roth, Keith A. Runge, Michael Lee Rush, William J. Russo, Richard D. Sajewski, Jeffrey C. Sanders, Michael D. Satchell, Patrick T. Sawyer, James L. Schank, Marta E. Schlapp, Charles W. Schneider, Neal Schroder, Mark R. Schroeder, Brian Schultz, Steven R. Schulz, Robert S. Scofield, Roger K. Seiber, Darin Selnick, Gregory A. Shadko, Harold J. Sharp, Reginald L. Sharpless, Wanda Sharpless-Gooden, Lee B. Sheilko, Robert M. Shirley, Ralph L Sielaff, Mark Sink, Steven B. Slade, David J. Smith, Gary A. Smith, Kevin Smith, Lance D. Smith, Michael Smith, Patricia Andre Smith, Robert W. Smith, Timothy D. Sopel, James K. Sorenson, Frankie Soto, Matthew Stadler, Pamela Stafford, Kenneth Stallings, Stephen D. Stanley, Thomas William Stanley, Jeffrey L. Stearley, John T. Stevens, Kevin J. Stevens, Jeffrey D. Stewart, James Oscar Stocker, Terry D. Stratton, Steven L. Straughn, Dale L. Stringer, Steven Stroshine, Galen Strub, William Stumme, Lawrence E. Subervi, Ronald R. Summerhill, Harold J. Talbert, III, James Tate, Lloyd I. Terry, Jr., Angelos N. Thomas, Jeffrey D. Thomas, Nathan Thomas, Sheilia A. Thomas, Susan Thornton, William T. Thorpe, William L. Thrasher, Jr., Scott Allen Timan, David R. Tims, Leslie S. Toth, John W. Trapps, Ronald Tremper, Jeffrey D. Tripp, Felix C. Trujillo, II, John Trusela, Robie E. Tuck, Gregory H. Tureaud, William Dean Turner, Roy M. Turvaville, Matt A. Tyykila, Malcolm T. Upton, Peter S. Van Atta, Roger L. Vancleave, Andrew Vargo, Ronald L. Vaughn, Charles E. Vellines, Scott A. Vest, Raul A. Villaruz, Yolanda Vines, Gus Emil Vitali, Peter Volz, David M. Vriezen, Craig A. Wackford, Russell J. Wainwright, Elizabeth Walker, Tamera Walters, James R. Ward, Jeffley L. Warner, Steven W. Warner, Kelly B. Washington, Gregg M. Waters, Michael E. Weaver, John Wallace Welker, Ernest B. Wells, Jr., Mark Stephen Welte, Mark K. Wendt, Eric J. Weninger, Robert C. Wenner, Philip G. Wheeler, Raymond E. White, Richard T. White, Albert H. Whitley, Dean Whitlock, Robert T. Wickliam, Duane Edward Widner, Gregory P. Wiersma, Mark Wiley, Roger Williams, Jeffrey L. Wilmoth, David Paul Wilson, Robert E. Wilson, Jr., Thomas Patrick Wilson, Elmer C. Wolfe, III, Mark A Wolfe, Dean E. Wolff, Cary Alan Wood, Anthony Woodard, Craig S. Woody, Mark C. Worth, James Alan Wright, James E. Wright, Jr., Donald L. Wyatt, Mark S. Yancey, Jeffrey Lee Yock, Marilyn Young, Mr. James A. Young, William J. Young, Wallace M. Yovetich, Richard G. Yule, III, Russell F. Zakolski, Jeffrey J. Zaletel, Elias Anthony Zani, And Charles K. Ziegler, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES, Defendant-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit.

DECIDED: April 17, 2002.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

William A. Aileo, of Springville, PA, argued for plaintiffs-appellants. With him on the brief was Barry P. Steinberg, of Washington, DC.

Lee J. Freedman, Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, argued for defendant-appellee. With him on the brief were Stuart E. Schiffer, Acting Assistant Attorney General; David M. Cohen, Director; and James M. Kinsella, Deputy Director. Of counsel on the brief was Major Jennifer L. Grimm, General Litigation, United States Air Force, of Arlington, VA.

Before LOURIE, DYK, and PROST, Circuit Judges.


Opinion for the court filed by Circuit Judge PROST. Dissenting opinion filed by Circuit Judge DYK.

PROST, Circuit Judge.

This is a military pay class action case brought on behalf of officers of the United States Air Force terminated pursuant to a 1993 Reduction in Force ("RIF"). The basis of their complaint is that the formal instructions governing selection for involuntary termination required different treatment of officers based on their race or gender...

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