Crew III, J.
In 1990 and 1991, defendant City of Amsterdam executed two consent orders with the Department of Environmental Conservation wherein the City agreed to, inter alia, address the excessive level of sewage sludge generated by its sewage treatment plant. To that end, the City entered into a series of transactions with plaintiffs and defendants regarding the construction and financing of a sludge management facility. Insofar as is relevant to this appeal, such facility was to be leased to the City by defendant Amsterdam Municipal Leasing Corporation (hereinafter AMLC) and financed through the issuance of bonds by defendant Montgomery County Industrial Development Agency (hereinafter MCIDA) to a trustee for plaintiffs. Additionally, AMLC entered into an agreement with defendant Larsen Engineers P.E., L.S., P.C., (hereinafter Larsen) pursuant to the terms of which Larsen agreed to provide engineering and design services for the facility and consented to the assignment of such agreement to plaintiffs' trustee, as mortgagee of the facility.
In order to make the necessary payments, the City was required to appropriate funds for the operation of the facility in its annual budget each fiscal year. Difficulties allegedly
Ultimately, plaintiffs commenced this action alleging, insofar as is relevant to this appeal, that the City breached the lease agreement by failing to appropriate the necessary funds for the 1998 fiscal year. Plaintiffs also asserted a breach of warranty and intentional misrepresentation claim against Larsen. Following joinder of issue, the City and Larsen, among others, moved to dismiss the complaint against them pursuant to CPLR 3211. Supreme Court only partially granted the respective motions, prompting this appeal by the City and Larsen.
Initially, the City argues that Supreme Court erred in failing to dismiss plaintiffs' first, second and third causes of action alleging that the City breached the lease agreement by failing to appropriate the necessary funds for fiscal 1998. Specifically, the City contends that the lease agreement's executory clause was triggered, thereby absolving the City of any liability. For the reasons that follow, we find this argument to be unpersuasive.
General Municipal Law § 109-b (2) (f) requires that all contracts with a municipality contain an executory clause providing, in relevant part, as follows: "This contract shall be deemed executory only to the extent of monies appropriated and available for the purpose of the contract, and no liability on account thereof shall be incurred by the political subdivision beyond the amount of such monies." Such clauses are enforceable only where it has been established that funds were not available "in the course of ordinary budgetary procedure[s]" (Starling Realty Corp. v State of New York, 286 N.Y. 272, 278; see, Green Is. Contr. Corp. v State of New York, 99 A.D.2d 330, 332, lv denied 66 N.Y.2d 605). Stated another way, "any unavailability of funds must not have been the result of any improper act or omission by the [municipality]" (Green Is. Contr. Corp. v State of New York, supra at 332; see, Forelli v State of New York, 179 A.D.2d 394, 396), nor may the municipality make such funds "unavailable" as a matter of convenience (see, Adson Indus. v State of New York, 28 A.D.2d 1183, 1183-1184).
Although the lease agreement executed by the City indeed contains an executory clause similar to the one set forth in General Municipal Law § 109-b (2) (f), the City also agreed in that document to: "include in its budget request for each
Next, Larsen contends that Supreme Court erred in failing to dismiss plaintiffs' breach of warranty and intentional misrepresentations claims. With regard to plaintiffs' tenth cause of action alleging breach of an express warranty, it is clear from the record that Larsen was retained to provide professional services with respect to the design of the sludge treatment facility. "No warranty attaches to the performance of a service * * *" (Aegis Prods. v Arriflex Corp. of Am., 25 A.D.2d 639, 639 [citation omitted]; see, Sears, Roebuck & Co. v Enco Assoc., 43 N.Y.2d 389, 398; Milau Assoc. v North Ave. Dev. Corp., 42 N.Y.2d 482, 486). "If the service is performed negligently, the cause of action accruing is for that negligence. Likewise, if it constitutes a breach of contract, the action is for that breach" (Aegis Prods. v Arriflex Corp. of Am., supra at 639).
In our view, the allegations set forth in plaintiffs' tenth cause of action cannot be construed as asserting either a negligence or a breach of contract claim. The complaint alleges the breach of an "express warranty" by Larsen, and the record reveals that no express warranty regarding the design and operation of the plant was so provided. Whatever representations Larsen may have made in the underlying contract with AMLC, which subsequently was assigned to plaintiffs, do not rise to the level of guaranteeing a particular result. Accordingly, Supreme Court erred in failing to dismiss plaintiffs' tenth cause of action against Larsen alleging breach of warranty.
We reach a similar conclusion with regard to plaintiffs'
Here, a review of plaintiffs' eleventh cause of action for intentional misrepresentation and its previously dismissed twelfth cause of action for malpractice reveals essentially the same factual allegations, namely, that Larsen designed a sludge management facility that it knew would not be adequate for its intended purpose and, in so doing, misrepresented the adequacy of the underlying design. Additionally, the damages allegedly sustained by plaintiffs are identical under the respective causes of action, i.e., the monetary loss suffered by virtue of the City's default on the underlying bonds. In light of these pleading deficiencies, we are of the view that plaintiffs' eleventh cause of action against Larsen for intentional misrepresentation should have been dismissed. The parties' remaining contentions, to the extent not specifically addressed, have been examined and found to be lacking in merit.
Ordered that the order is modified, on the law, without costs, by reversing so much thereof as denied the motion of defendant Larsen Engineers, P.E., L.S., P.C. to dismiss the tenth and eleventh causes of action against it; motion granted to that extent and said causes of action dismissed against said defendant; and, as so modified, affirmed.
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