MICHIGAN v. U.S. E.P.A.

Nos. 98-1497, 98-1499-98-1502, 98-1504, 98-1518, 98-1556, 98-1567, 98-1573, 98-1585, 98-1588, 98-1590, 98-1596, 98-1598, 98-1601, 98-1602, 98-1608, 98-1609, 98-1611, 98-1615-98-1619, 98-1621, 99-1070, 99-1093.

213 F.3d 663 (2000)

STATE OF MICHIGAN, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and State of West Virginia, Division of Environmental Protection, Petitioners, v. U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent. New England Council, Inc., et al., Intervenors.

United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.

Decided March 3, 2000.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Susan E. Ashbrook, Assistant Attorney General, State of Ohio, James C. Gulick, Special Deputy Attorney, State of North Carolina, Andrea B. Field, Theodore L. Garrett, Todd Palmer, Jonathan S. Martel, William F. Pedersen and Scott H. Segal argued the causes for petitioners. With them on the briefs were Betty D. Montgomery, Attorney General, State of Ohio, Andrew S. Bergman, Assistant Attorney General, Michael F. Easley, Attorney General, State of North Carolina, J. Allen Jernigan, Special Deputy Attorney General, James P. Longest, Jr., and Amy R. Gillespie, Assistant Attorneys General, Bill Pryor, Attorney General, State of Alabama, Tommy E. Bryan, Assistant Attorney General, Jeffrey Modisett, Attorney General, State of Indiana, Daniel B. Dovenbarger, Chief Counsel, Jennifer M. Granholm, Attorney General, State of Michigan, Thomas Casey, Solicitor General, Alan F. Hoffman, Assistant Attorney General, Charles M. Condon, Attorney General, State of South Carolina, Mark E. Earley, Attorney General, State of Virginia, Roger L. Chaffe, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Stewart T. Leeth, Assistant Attorney General, Thomas H. Zerbe, Senior Counsel, State of West Virginia, Samuel L. Finklea, III, Grant Crandall, Eugene M. Trisko, Norman W. Fichthorn, Mel S. Schulze, David M. Flannery, Kathy Beckett, Harold P. Quinn, Jr., Michael D. Hockley, J. Lister Hubbard, R. Brooke Lawson, III, Robert E. Lannan, II, Terry J. Satterlee, Alok Ahuja, Mark E. Shere, Bryan G. Tabler, Jeffrey L. Landsman, Jennifer S. McGinnity, Howard E. Shapiro, Margaret Claiborne Campbell, Thomas E. Knauer, David R. Straus, Deborah E. Jennings, Julie R. Domike, Patricia T. Barmeyer, Lisa G. Dowden, Brian J. Renaud, Rhonda L. Ross, Jeffrey F. Cherry, Katherine L. Rhyne, John M. Koeppl, Henry J. Handzel, Jeffrey A. Knight, Joan Dreskin, Kevin B. Belford, Pamela A. Lacey, Gene E. Godley, Michael H. Levin and Edmund B. Frost. Earle D. Getchell, Jr., Neal J. Cabral, Christopher D. Man, Jacqueline H. Fine, Jon S. Faletto and John P. Proctor entered appearances.

James E. Doyle, Attorney General, State of Wisconsin, and Philip Peterson and Thomas L. Dosch, Assistant Attorneys General, were on the brief for intervenor State of Wisconsin.

Louis E. Tosi and William L. Patberg were on the brief for amicus curiae Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments.

Charles S. Carter and Deborah Ann Hottel were on the brief of amici curiae South Carolina Chamber of Commerce, Environmental Management Association of South Carolina, South Carolina Manufacturers Alliance, and South Carolina Farm Bureau Federation.

Jon M. Lipshultz and Patricia R. McCubbin, Attorneys, U.S. Department of Justice, argued the causes for respondent. With them on the brief were Lois J. Schiffer, Assistant Attorney General, and Jan Tierney, Howard Hoffman, Amey W. Marrella and Dwight C. Alpern, Attorneys, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

J. Jared Snyder, Assistant Attorney General, State of New York, argued the cause for state intervenors. With him on the brief were Elliot Spitzer, Attorney General, Peter H. Schiff, Deputy Attorney General, Thomas F. Reilly, Attorney General, State of Massachusetts, William L. Pardee, Assistant Attorney General, M. Dukes Pepper, Jr., Assistant Counsel, State of Pennsylvania, Sheldon Whitehouse, Attorney General, State of Rhode Island, Michael Rubin, Environmental Advocate, William H. Sorrell, Attorney General, State of Vermont, Ronald A. Shems, Assistant Attorney General, Jennifer L. Wurzbacher, Assistant Attorney General, State of Maryland, Richard Blumenthal, Attorney General, State of Connecticut, Richard F. Webb, Assistant Attorney General, Andrew Ketterer, Attorney General, State of Maine, Paul Stern, Deputy Attorney General, Philip McLaughlin, Attorney General, State of New Hampshire, and Maureen D. Smith, Assistant Attorney General.

Kathleen L. Millian argued the cause for intervenor Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Ontario (Province of Ontario, Canada). With her on the brief was Bruce J. Terris.

David Hawkins and Raissa Griffin were on the brief for intervenor Natural Resources Defense Council, et al. Andrew P. Caputo entered an appearance.

Patrick M. Raher, John G. Roberts, Jr., Catherine E. Stetson, Michael R. Barr, Michael A. Conley, Theresa Fenelon Falk, John H. Sharp, Paul G. Wallach and Kenneth R. Meade were on the brief for industry intervenors.

Richard A. Wegman was on the brief for intervenor the Government of Canada.

Before: WILLIAMS, SENTELLE and ROGERS, Circuit Judges.


Opinion PER CURIAM.*

Dissenting opinion filed by Circuit Judge SENTELLE.

PER CURIAM.

Introduction

Under the Clean Air Act the Environmental Protection Agency promulgates national ambient air quality standards ("NAAQS") for air pollutants, and states must then adopt state implementation plans ("SIPs") providing for the implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of the NAAQS; such plans are then submitted...

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