IOWA UTILITIES BD. v. F.C.C.

Nos. 96-3321, 96-3406, 96-3410, 96-3414, 96-3416, 96-3418, 96-3424, 96-3430, 96-3436, 96-3444, 96-3450, 96-3453, 96-3460, 96-3507, 96-3519, 96-3520, 96-3603, 96-3608, 96-3696, 96-3708, 96-3709, 96-3756, 96-3901, 96-3906 and 96-3982.

120 F.3d 753 (1997)

IOWA UTILITIES BOARD, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Worldcom, Inc.; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REGULATORY UTILITY COMMISSIONERS, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. THE SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North tate Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the state of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. BELL ATLANTIC CORPORATION; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group, Petitioners, SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Worldcom, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. AMERITECH CORPORATION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. US WEST, INC., Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living;Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. GTE SERVICE CORPORATION; GTE Alaska, Incorporated; GTE Arkansas, Incorporated; GTE California, Incorporated; GTE Florida, Incorporated; GTE Midwest, Incorporated; GTE South, Incorporated; GTE Southwest, Incorporated; GTE North, Incorporated; GTE Northwest, Incorporated; GTE Hawaiian Telephone Company, Incorporated; GTE West Coast, Incorporated; Contel of California, Inc.; Contel of Minnesota, Inc.; Contel of the South, Inc., Petitioners, Rock Hill Telephone Company; Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Rural Telecommunications Group; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Petitioners, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company, The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies, Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications; L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. CINCINNATI BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; U.S. West Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc., KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK; The Public Service Commission of the State of New York, Petitioners, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Rural Telecommunications Group; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. SBC COMMUNICATIONS, INC. Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the state of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Geld Information Systems; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. LOUISIANA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Rural Telecommunications Group; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. FLORIDA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc.; doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. SOUTH DAKOTA PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc., Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. The PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA; The Public Utilities Commission of the State of California, Petitioners, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum,,, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc., Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall,, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. UNITED STATES TELEPHONE ASSOCIATION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California, City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc., Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. RURAL TELEPHONE COALITION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. MISSISSIPPI PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc,; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. MISSOURI PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. ALLTEL TELEPHONE SERVICES CORPORATION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumers' Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. PENNSYLVANIA PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumer's Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. ALIANT COMMUNICATIONS CO., Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Worldcom, Inc.; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumer's Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. NORTH CAROLINA UTILITIES COMMISSION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Worldcom, Inc.; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumer's Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. VIRGINIA STATE CORPORATION COMMISSION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents. AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Worldcom, Inc.; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumer's Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent. GEORGIA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, Petitioner, Bell Atlantic Corporation; Bellsouth Corporation; Pacific Telesis Group; SBC Communications, Inc.; Maryland Public Service Commission; US West, Inc.; US Telephone Association; Arkansas Public Service Commission; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corporation; Ameritech Corporation; Oregon Public Utility Commission; North State Telephone Company; Western Alliance; Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance; Roseville Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii; American Public Communications Council, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; Southern New England Telephone Company; The Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Minnesota Independent Coalition; Kentucky Public Service Commission; Kansas Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Wyoming; Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission; Public Service Commission of Wisconsin; State of Texas; Alabama Public Service Commission; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg; New Mexico State Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Montana; GTE Service Corporation; Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Public Utilities; Public Service Commission of Utah; Public Service Commission of the State of South Carolina; Tennessee Regulatory Authority; Aging Forum, Inc., doing business as National Silver Haired Congress; U.S. Coalition on Aging; College for Living; Council of Silver Haired Legislatures; Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging; Missouri Association for the Deaf; Missouri Council of the Blind; Presidents' Club for Telecommunications Justice; Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living; Services for Independent Living; Public Utilities Commission of the State of Colorado; Department of Public Utilities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Oklahoma Corporation Commission; Public Service Commission of the State of Connecticut, Department of Public Utility Control; New York Telephone Company; New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, Intervenors on Appeal, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America, Respondents, AT&T Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; MFS Communications Company, Inc.; Airtouch Communications, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, L.L.C.; Sprint Spectrum, L.P.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; MCI Telecommunications Corporation; Sprint Corp.; Cox Communications, Inc.; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Western Wireless Corporation; American Communications Services, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; The Competition Policy Institute; Association for Local Telecommunications Services; Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association; GST Telecom, Inc.; ACC Corp.; General Communication, Inc.; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Consumer Federation of America; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Information Technology Industry Council; America's Carriers Telecommunication Association; Jones Intercable, Inc.; Telecommunications, Inc.; Teleport Communications Group, Inc.; Rural Telecommunications Group; Allied Associated Partners; Geld Information Systems; Pronet, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; U.S. One Communications Services; Comcast Corporation; Frontier Corporation; Anaheim, California Public Utilities Department; City of Long Beach, California; City of Manassas, Virginia; Cable & Wireless, Inc.; National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates; Time Warner Communications Holdings, Inc.; Personal Communications Industry Association; Excel Telecommunications, Inc.; Paging Network, Inc.; Nextwave Telecom, Inc.; Small Cable Business Association; Worldcom, Inc.; Metrocall, Inc.; Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Intervenors on Appeal, Consumer's Utility Counsel Division, Georgia Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs; Honorable John D. Dingell; Honorable W.J. (Billy) Tauzin; Honorable Rick Boucher; Honorable Dennis Hastert, Amici on Behalf of Petitioner, Honorable Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.; Honorable Ernest F. Hollings; Honorable Ted Stevens; Honorable Daniel K. Inouye; Honorable Trent Lott; Honorable Edward J. Markey, Amici on Behalf of Respondent.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Decided July 18, 1997.

As Amended on Rehearing October 14, 1997.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Diane Carol Munns (argued), Des Moines, IA, for State Commissioners (Iowa Utilities Board; Md Public Service; APSC; HUC; MPUC; KPSC; KCC; PSCW; AL Public Service; NMSCC; MPSC; PSC; PCC; CUC; COPUC; People of the States of New York, Public Service, New York; SD Public Service; NC Utilities; CA Public Utilities; MS Public Service; MO Public Service; PS Public Utility).

William P. Barr (argued), Stamford, CT, for Bell Atlantic Corp.; Bellsouth Corp.; Pacific Telesis; SBC Communications; US West; GTE; Ameritech; and NYNEX.

Maureen E. Mahoney (argued), Washington, DC, for USTA and Rural Telephone.

Mark R. Kravitz (argued), New Haven, CT, for North State Telephone; Concord Telephone; Rock Hill Telephone; Roseville Telephone; SNET; Cincinnati Bell; Pacific Telecom; ALLTEL Telephone Services; Aliant Communications Co.; New York Telephone; New England Telephone.

Christopher J. Wright (argued), Washington, DC, for Federal Communications Commission.

Bruce J. Ennis (argued), Washington, DC, and David W. Carpenter (argued), Chicago, IL, for intervenors Aging Forum, U.S. Coalition on Aging, College for Living, Council for Silver Haired Legislatures, Missouri Alliance of Area Agencies on Aging, Missouri Association for the Deaf, Missouri Council for the Blind, President's Club for Telecommunications Justice, Paraquad, Rural Advocates for Independent Living, Services for Independent Living, Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies, American Electric Power Co., AT&T Corp., MCI, ACC, ACTA, Comcast, Cable & Wireless, Allied Communications, CTA, Excel, GST, Cox, GCI, ICG, KMC, MFS, National Cable Television, Nextlink, Sprint Corp., CTRA, Teleport, Vanguard Cellular, US One, Western Wireless, Winstar, Worldcom, Western Alliance, Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, Competition Policy, RTG, ProNet, PageNet, SCBA.

Glenn B. Manishin (argued), Washington, DC, for intervenor Consumer Federation of America.

Irwin Popowsky (argued), Harrisburg, PA, for intervenor National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates.

Robert A. Long (argued), Washington, DC, for intervenor CMRS Providers.

Walter Steimel, Jr., Marjorie K. Conner, Shirley S. Fujimoto, Thomas P. Steindler, Thomas J. Navin, Karl R. Moor, Washington, DC, Suzanne Alldredge, Birmingham, AL, Christine M. Gill, Kris Anne Monteith, Washington, DC (on the brief), for intervenors American Electric Power Service Corporation, Commonwealth Edison Company, Northern States Power Company, and Pennsylvania Power Company.

Rodney L. Joyce, Washington, DC, J. Thomas Nolan, Kensington, MD (on the brief), for Ad Hoc Coalition of Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies.

Allan Kniep, Richard G. Morgan, Suellen L. Young, Arthur H. Stuenkel, Mark Fogelman, San Francisco, CA, Cindy Miller, Brenda H. Cole, Washington, DC, Clarence M. Nagao, Honolulu, HI, Stephen H. Kukta, Amy E. Dougherty, Lexington, KY, Richard A. Drom, Norristown, PA, Charles D. Gray, Sacramento, CA, James Eldon Wilson, Montgomery, AL, Peter Arth, Jr., Sacramento, CA, Anthony M. Marquez, Denver, CO, Richard Bellack, Alan Gantzhorn, Sr., Atlanta, GA, David J. Heinemann, Topeka, KS, William L. Willis, Austin, TX, John A. Garner, J. Bradford Ramsay, Washington, DC, Oakley W. Melton, Jr., Montgomery, AL, Edward W. O'Neill, Robert Vandiver, Michael J. Bowers, Atlanta, GA, Thomas K. Bond, Atlanta, GA, Eva Powers, Wichita, KS, Deborah T. Eversole, Frankfort, KY (on the brief), for State Commission parties.

Ward W. Wueste, Jr., Stamford, CT, Thomas B. Weaver, St. Louis, MO, Mark L. Evans, Washington, DC, Geoffrey M. Klineberg, Washington, DC, Laurence H. Tribe, Cambridge, MA, James R. Young, Michael E. Glover, Arlington, VA, Liam S. Coonan, San Antonio, TX, Martin E. Grambow, Washington, DC, Michael J. Zpevak, St. Louis, MO, James W. Erwin, St. Louis, MO, John H. Harwood II, Washington, DC, Mark D. Roelig, Robert B. McKenna, Denver, CO, William B. Barfield, Atlanta, GA, M. Edward Whelan, Los Angeles, CA, Jordan B. Cherrick, St. Louis, MO, Michael K. Kellogg, Howard A. Shelanski, Berkeley, CA, Jonathan S. Massey, Washington, DC, Edward E. Young, III, James D. Ellis, Los Angeles, CA, Robert M. Lynch, San Antonio, TX, Durward D. Dupre, St. Louis, MO, Stephen B. Higgins, St. Louis, MO, William T. Lake, Washington, DC, Jonathan J. Fankel, Dan Poole, Walter H. Alford, Atlanta, GA, M. Robert Sutherland, Atlanta, GA, Paul T. Cappuccio, Washington, DC, Steven G. Bradbury, Washington, DC, Patrick F. Philbin, Lance Liebman, New York City, Richard W. Odgers, San Francisco, CA, Marlin E. Ard, San Francisco, CA, John W. Bogy, San Francisco, CA, Margaret E. Garber, Washington, DC (on the brief), for petitioners Regional Bell Companies and GTE.

David J. Newburger (on the brief), St. Louis, MO, for Consumer Interest Intervenors.

Saul Fisher, New York City, Joseph Di Bella, Earle H. O'Donnell, Donna M. Attanasio, Noel S. Symons, Washington, DC (on the brief), for Petitioners NYNEX Telephone Companies.

Mark R. Kravitz, New Haven, CT, Jeffrey R. Babbin, New Haven, CT, Daniel J. Klau, Hartford, CT, Robert A. Mazer, Washington, DC, Albert Shuldiner, Washington, DC, Jerry W. Amos, Greensboro, NC, James H. Jeffries IV, Greensboro, NC, Diane Smith, Washington, DC, Carolyn C. Hill, Washington, DC, Donn T. Wonnell, Vancouver, WA, Douglas E. Hart, Cincinnati, OH, Jack B. Harrison, Cincinnati, OH, Thomas E. Taylor, George Petrutsas, Paul J. Feldman, Freehold, NJ, M. John Bowen, Jr., Columbia, SC, Margaret M. Fox, Columbia, SC, Madelyn M. DeMatteo, New Haven, CT, Alfred J. Brunetti, New Haven, CT (on the brief), for Southern New England Telephone Company; Aliant Communications Company; ALLTEL Telephone Services Corp.; Cincinnati Bell Telephone Company; Concord Telephone Company; North State Telephone Company; Pacific Telecom, Inc.; Rock Hill Telephone Company; Roseville Telephone Company.

Gary M. Epstein, Washington, DC, James H. Barker, Washington, DC, David Cosson, Lakewood, CO, L. Marie Guillory, Margot Smiley Humphrey, Washington, DC, Mary McDermott, Keith Townsend, Atlanta, GA, Lisa M. Zaina, Washington, DC (on the brief) for intervenor U.S. Telephone Association and Rural Telephone Coalition.

Benjamin H. Dickens, Jr., Washington, DC, Gerard J. Duffy, Patterson, NY (on the brief), for intervenor Western Alliance.

Suzi Ray McClellan, Rick Guzman, Austin, TX (on the brief), for intervenor Texas Office of Public Utility.

John Windhausen, Jr. (on the brief), Silver Spring, MD, for intervenor Competition Policy Institute.

Glenn B. Manishin, Washington, DC, Christy C. Kunin, Washington, DC, Martha S. Hogerty, Elise P.W. Kiely, Washington, DC, Michael F. Dandino, Kansas City, MO, Philip F. McClellan, Craig S. Lambeth, Harrisburg, PA (on the brief), for intervenor Consumer Federation of America and National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates.

David A. Gross, Ernest A. Young, Michael F. Altschul, Leonard J. Kennedy, Michael D. Hays, Laura H. Phillips, Washington, DC (on the brief), for intervenor CMRS Providers.

Christopher C. Cinnamon, Lansing, MI, Eric E. Breisach, Kalamazoo, MI, James H. Geary, Kalamazoo, MI (on the brief), for intervenor Small Cable Business Association.

Joel I. Klein, Catherine G. O'Sullivan, William E. Kennard, Nancy Garrison, John E. Ingle, Laurence N. Bourne and David G. Ellen, Washington, DC, James M. Carr, Susan L. Fox, Waukesha, WI, K. Michele Walters and Nancy L. Kiefer, Washington, DC (on the brief), for respondents.

Mark C. Rosenblum and Roy E. Hoffinger, Basking Ridge, NJ, Robert H. Bork, Washington, DC, David W. Carpenter, Chicago, IL, Peter D. Keisler and Bruce J. Ennis, Jr., Washington, DC, Richard J. Metzger, Arlington, VA, Emily M. Williams, Thomas F. O'Neil III, Elmhurst, IL, Anthony C. Epstein, Donald V. Verrilli, Jr., Mark D. Schneider, Dana Frix, James S. Blaszak, Janine F. Goodman, Curtis T. White and Myrna Peralta, Washington, DC, Edward Hayes, Jr., Charles H. Helein, Robert M. McDowell and Harisha J. Bastiampillai, McLean, VA, Philip V. Permut, Brad Mutschelknaus, Edward A. Yorkgitis, Leonard J. Kennedy, Michael D. Hays and Laura H. Phillips, Washington, DC, Genevieve Morelli, Alexandria, VA, Werner K. Hartenberger, J.G. Harrington and Thomas K. Crowe, Washington, DC, Michael B. Adams, Jr., Arlington, VA, James Jackson, Russell M. Blau, Washington, DC, Martin J. Toft, St. Louis, MO, Albert H. Kramer, Robert F. Aldrich, Cindy Z. Schonhaut, Mary C. Albert, Andrew D. Lipman, Daniel L. Brenner and Neal M. Goldberg, Washington, DC, David L. Nicoll, Daniel M. Waggoner, Seattle, WA, Leon M. Kestenbaum, Jay C. Keithley, H. Richard Juhnke, Howard J. Symons and Sara F. Seidman, Washington, DC, Alaine Miller, Columbus, OH, R. Bruce Easter, Seattle, WA, Charles C. Hunter, Catherine M. Hannon, J. Manning Lee, Staten Island, NY, Raymond G. Bender, Jr., Washington, DC, Roy L. Morris, Cambridge, OH, Louis Gurman, Washington, DC, Timothy R. Graham, New York City, Robert G. Berger, Highland, IN, Joseph Sandri, Washington, DC, Richard L. Fruchterman III (on the brief), for intervenors MCI Corp.; ACC Corp.; Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users Committee; Allied Communications Group; Cable & Wireless; America's Carriers Telecommunications Association; Comcast Corp.; Competitive Telecommunications Association; Cox communications, Inc.; EXCEL Telecommunications, Inc.; GCI; GST Telecom, Inc.; ICG Telecom Group, Inc.; KMC Telecom, Inc.; MFS Communications, Inc.; National Cable Television Association, Inc.; Nextlink Communications, LLC; Sprint Corporation; Telecommunications Resellers Association; Teleport Communications, Inc.; US One Communications; Western Wireless Corporation; Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc.; Winstar Communications, Inc.; Worldcom, Inc.

Before BOWMAN, WOLLMAN and HANSEN, Circuit Judges.


HANSEN, Circuit Judge.

When Alexander Graham Bell, after spilling sulfuric acid on himself, first transmitted the words, "Mr. Watson, come here; I want you," across a rudimentary phone line in 1876,1 he could not have possibly imagined that his invention would explode into the current technologically-advanced, multi-billion dollar telecommunications industry. Nor could he have foreseen the amount of legislation, regulation, and litigation...

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