STATE OF CAL. v. MONTROSE CHEMICAL CORP. OF CAL.

Nos. 95-55725, 95-55736.

104 F.3d 1507 (1997)

STATE OF CALIFORNIA, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MONTROSE CHEMICAL CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA; PCB Industrial, Defendants-Appellees, Chris-Craft Industries, Inc.; Stauffer Management Company; ICI American Holdings, Inc.; Atkemix Thirty-Seven, Inc.; Rhone-Poulenc Basic Chemicals Company, Defendants-counter-claimants-cross-claimants-Appellees. (Two Cases). UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MONTROSE CHEMICAL CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA; PCB Industrial, Defendants-Appellees, Chris-Craft Industries, Inc.; Stauffer Management Company; ICI American Holdings, Inc.; Atkemix Thirty-Seven, Inc.; Rhone-Poulenc Basic Chemicals Company, Defendants-counter-claimants-cross-claimants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Decided January 17, 1997.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

John Saurenman, Deputy Attorney General, Los Angeles, CA, and Edward J. Shawaker, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for plaintiffs-appellants.

Karl S. Lytz, Kristine L. Wilkes, Kimberly M. McCormick, Latham & Watkins, San Diego, CA, Paul B. Galvani, Ropes & Gray, Boston, MA, Frank Rothman and Jose R. Allen, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, Los Angeles, CA, Charles B. Cohler and David M. Rosenberg-Wohl, Lasky, Haas & Cohler, San Francisco, CA, for defendants-appellees and defendants-counter-claimants-cross-claimants-appellees.

Tom Udall, Attorney General of New Mexico, Charles DeSaillan, Assistant Attorney General, for Natural Resources, Office of the Attorney General, Environmental Enforcement Division, Santa Fe, NM, for the State of New Mexico.

Scott Harshbarger, Attorney General of Massachusetts, Karen McGuire, Assistant Attorney General, Environmental Protection Division, Boston, MA, for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Hubert H. Humphrey, III, Attorney General of Minnesota, Stephen Shakman, Assistant Attorney General, St. Paul, MN, for the State of Minnesota.

Joseph P. Mazurek, Attorney General of Montana, Clay Smith, Solicitor, Robert G. Collins, Candace West, Charles E. Magraw, Assistant Attorneys General, Natural Resource Damage Litigation Program, Helena, MT, for the State of Montana.

Frankie Sue Del Papa, Attorney General of Nevada, William Frey, Assistant Attorney General, Carson City, NV, for the State of Nevada.

Bruce M. Botelho, Attorney General of Alaska, Marie Sansone, Robert K. Reges, Assistant Attorneys General, Natural Resources Section — Juneau, Alaska Department of Law, Juneau, AK, for the State of Alaska.

Grant Woods, Attorney General of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, for the State of Arizona.

Winston Bryant, Attorney General of Arkansas, Charles L. Moulton, Assistant Attorney General, Little Rock, AR, for the State of Arkansas.

Richard Blumenthal, Attorney General of Connecticut, Brian J. Comerford, Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Hartford, CT, Alan G. Lance, Attorney General of Idaho, Clive J. Strong, Deputy Attorney General, Boise, ID, Deborah T. Poritz, Attorney General of New Jersey, Anthony T. Drollas, Jr., Deputy Attorney General, Trenton, NJ, for the State of New Jersey.

Jeffrey B. Pine, Attorney General of Rhode Island, Michael Rubin, Assistant Attorney General and Environmental Advocate, Office of the Attorney General, Providence, RI, for the State of Rhode Island.

Jan Graham, Attorney General of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, for the State of Utah.

Jeffrey L. Amestoy, Attorney General of Vermont, Conrad W. Smith, Assistant Attorney General, Montpelier, VT, for the State of Vermont.

Before BRIGHT, SKOPIL, and WIGGINS, Circuit Judges.


WIGGINS, Circuit Judge:

This action was filed by the United States and the State of California ("the Trustees") in 1990 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), as part of an effort to clean up DDT and PCBs released respectively by Montrose Chemical Corporation and Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The release over several decades of an estimated 5,500,000 pounds of DDT and 38,000 pounds of PCBs has allegedly harmed...

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