ANDREWS v. U.S.

Nos. 96-2730 to 96-2764.

122 F.3d 1367 (1997)

Gloria J. ANDREWS, et al., Plaintiffs, Donald Robert Woodman, Individually and as Next Friend of Scott Forrest Woodman and as personal representative for the Estate of Yvonne E. Woodman, Yvonne E. Woodman, Deceased, Scott Forrest Woodman, Candra Dawn Woodman, Steven Dwight Woodman, Seaman Apprentice, Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Claimant-Counter-Claimant-Appellant, Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants-Counter-Defendants-Cross-Defendants, Refuse Services, Inc., Defendant-Cross-Claimant-Counter-Defendant, Duval Garbage Company, Defendant. Alvin Lindsey SPEICHER, Gail P. Speicher, Alvin Lindsey Speicher, Jr., Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants, Skyler R. Speicher, Plaintiff, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant-Cross-Claimant-Counter-Claimant-Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants-Cross-Defendants-Counter-Defendants. Virginia Hansen SMITH, as personal representative for the Estate of Michael Stramel, deceased, Plaintiff-Appellee-Cross-Appellant, Michael Stramel, Plaintiff, Tina M. McBeth, Chris Hansen, Jill Hansen Leslie, Eva E. Stramel, Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Robert C. RICHARDS, Vicki L. Richards, Michael B. Hartsfield, Jr., Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Counter-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control Of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants, Counter-Defendants, Refuse Services, Inc., Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Counter-Defendant. Robert S. POWELL, Plaintiff-Appellee, Cross-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Carroll PITTMAN, Carolyn J. Pittman, Michael K. Pittman, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Donald Michael RENTZ, Annette Rentz, Helen Goodwyne, Deceased, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Tracy L. PATILLO, Connie S. Patillo, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Kenneth BELL, Sr., Deborah Bell, Robert Bell, Kenneth Bell, Jr., Jimmy Bell, Jerry Bell, Patricia J. Bell, Matthew Bell, Michelle Bell, Henry Bell, Dolly Bell, deceased, James Richard Bell, Victoria Mae Bell, James R. Bell, Jr., Jamie Michelle Bell, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Lawrence E. KERSHAW, Plaintiff-Appellee, Cross-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Ida Mae KIRK, Michael A. Kirk, Deceased, Edmonds Wallis Kirk, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Counter-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants, Counter-Defendants. Donald E. LEONARD, Jr., Virginia M. Leonard, Donald E. Leonard, Deceased, Wanda Leonard Harrison, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. James E. JOHNSON, Dorothy T. Johnson, Terrance C. Johnson, Jimmy E. Johnson, Jimmy E. Johnson, Jr., Eugene B. Johnson, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Stanley C. LEVEROCK, Sr., Linda S. Leverock, Violet Leverock, Stanley Leverock, Jr., Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Donald Ray THREADGILL, Barbara A. Threadgill, Ronnie Wayne Threadgill, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Clifton A. TODD, Jeanette A. Todd, Troy A. Todd, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Counter-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants, Counter-Defendants. Neal THOMSEN, Jewell Thomsen, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Albert Ike NOLAN, Jeanne Nolan, Carol Lynn Nolan, Adrienne Patience Nolan, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Robert D. STALEY, Plaintiff-Appellee, Cross-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Claude Daniel OGLESBY, Margaret Oglesby, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Boy Elijah O'STEEN, Jr., Joan Marie O'Steen, Boy Elijah O'Steen, III, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Joseph D. STRANGE, Shirley A. Strange, Joseph D. Strange, Jr., Laura A. Strange, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Janie L. HANSLEY, Janie P. Hansley, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Counter-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants, Counter-Defendants. Neil HANSEN, Gretchen Hansen, Travis Earl Thornton, Jr., Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Henry VORPE, Jr., Judy Vorpe, Christi D. Vorpe, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Vivian E. GORE, Wiley H. Gore, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Doris F. WALKER, Gary W. Walker, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Eddie WILLIAMS, Lila M. Williams, Penny Williams Newmans, Christine Michelle Williams, Rebecca Lynn Williams, Eddie Michael Williams, Eddie Michael Williams, Jr., Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Alice M. ANDERSON, Stephen E. Anderson, Terrence L. Anderson, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Lewis D. BOWEN, Sarah Christine Flink Bowen, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. John P. BUETTGEN, Janice Beuttgen, Dawn Buettgen, Jody Buettgen, Kenneth Buettgen, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Stephen BRANNEN, Misty Vell Brannen, Stephanie Jo Brannen, Sherrie Faye Brannen, Melissa Brannen McDaniel, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Defendants. John M. FLORES, Florence Flores, Patricia Jo Bell, as personal representative for the Estate of Florence Flores, deceased, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants. v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Albert G. BELZ, Betty Belz, John Clarence Belz, Frederick G. Belz, I, Frederick G. Belz, II, Suzanne E. Belz, Robert J. Belz, William B. Belz, Frederick G. Belz, III, Mary M. Belz, Joshua Belz, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants, Cross-Defendants. Wayne K. HAZEN, Patricia Christopher, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Cross-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Cross-Defendant, Cross-Claimant, Appellant-Cross-Appellee, Waste Control of Florida, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., Refuse Services, Inc., Defendants-Cross-Claimants-Cross-Defendants.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

September 19, 1997.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Eileen T. McDonough, Environmental Defense Section, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Lois J. Schiffer, Asst. Attorney General, Joel D. Armstrong, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, DC, for U.S.

Merrill G. Davidoff, David F. Sorensen, Philadelphia, PA, Terrance E. Schmidt, Harold S. Lippes, Bledsoe, Schmidt & Lippes, P.A., Jacksonville, FL, Ronald Simon, Simon & Associates, Washington, DC, Erwin A. Sherman, Louisville, KY, for Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants in No. 96-2730.

Merrill G. Davidoff, David F. Sorensen, Berger & Montague, P.C., Philadelphia, PA, for Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants in 96-2731 to 96-2743, 96-2763.

Ronald Simon, Simon & Associates, Washington, DC, Merrill G. Davidoff, David F. Sorensen, Berger & Montague, P.C., Philadelphia, PA, for Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants in Nos. 96-2744 to 96-2753, 96-2760, 96-2762, 96-2764.

Erwin A. Sherman, Louisville, KY, Ronald Simon, Simon & Associates, Washington, DC, Merrill G. Davidoff, David F. Sorensen, Berger & Montague, P.C., Philadelphia, PA, for Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants in Nos. 96-2754 to 96-2759, 96-2761.

Before DUBINA, Circuit Judge, and HILL and GIBSON, Senior Circuit Judges.


DUBINA, Circuit Judge:

The United States appeals the district court's award of attorneys' fees to plaintiffs/appellees/cross-appellants ("plaintiffs") pursuant to the Equal Access to Justice Act ("EAJA"), 28 U.S.C. § 2412, on plaintiffs' claims under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ("CERCLA"), 42 U.S.C. § 960(a). The government contends the fee award was disproportionately high. Plaintiffs cross-appeal, claiming...

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