In October 1988, respondent Inter-Power of New York, Inc. filed an application with respondent New York State Board on Electric Generation Siting and the Environment (hereinafter the Siting Board), pursuant to Public Service Law former article VIII,
Inter-Power's application was deemed complete on March 29, 1989 and a series of public hearings followed. Ultimately, in March 1991, the Administrative Law Judge (hereinafter ALJ) who presided over the hearings issued a recommended decision, wherein he concluded that a natural gas-fired facility was preferable to a coal-fired facility and, therefore, recommended that the proposed facility not be certified. In May 1991, the Siting Board voted 5 to 2 to approve Inter-Power's application but thereafter rescinded its decision due to, inter alia, the Department of Environmental Conservation's discovery of certain errors in the base line inventory of emission sources that Inter-Power had utilized in modeling the air quality studies for the project. The Siting Board then ordered additional hearings on air quality issues and Inter-Power was permitted to submit, over petitioners' objections, additional air quality analyses. Additionally, the Siting Board removed the ALJ who had presided over the initial hearings and replaced him with another ALJ.
While these additional hearings were pending, it became apparent that Inter-Power was not going to be able to meet the December 31, 1993 in-service deadline imposed under its 1988 contract with Niagara Mohawk, and petitioners requested a hearing on, inter alia, how this would impact Inter-Power's application. The Siting Board denied this request but, inter alia, permitted the parties to brief this issue at a later date. The Siting Board thereafter voted to approve Inter-Power's application and, by decision and order dated September 24, 1992, granted Inter-Power the requested certificate pursuant to Public Service Law former article VIII. The certificate was subject to a number of conditions, however, including Inter-Power's ability to obtain a power sales contract on or before December 31, 1992. The Siting Board's decision further provided that it would leave to the PSC the review and resolution of any outstanding contract issues.
Thereafter, the Siting Board granted Inter-Power's numerous
Petitioners Commonwealth of Massachusetts, State of Vermont and Sierra Club, Inc. thereafter commenced a proceeding in this Court (proceeding No. 1) pursuant to Public Service Law former § 148 to challenge the Siting Board's grant of a certificate to Inter-Power, and petitioner Concerned Citizens for the Environment, Inc. commenced a separate proceeding (proceeding No. 2) seeking similar relief. The Siting Board's subsequent application for a stay of these proceedings until it was determined whether Inter-Power would be able to obtain a contract within the requisite period of time was denied by this Court.
Although petitioners have challenged the Siting Board's determination on a number of substantive and procedural grounds, petitioners' arguments essentially distill to whether the Siting Board properly discharged the statutory duties imposed upon it by Public Service Law former article VIII. As such, before we address the specific challenges raised by petitioners, a brief review of the relevant statutory provisions is in order.
Public Service Law former article VIII has been characterized as a "one-stop certification" statute (Governor's Mem, 1978 McKinney's Session Laws of NY, at 1838) and was designed to "provide for the expeditious resolution of all matters concerning the location of major steam electric generating facilities [within the State] in a single proceeding" (L 1972, ch 385, § 1). Under the terms of Public Service Law former article VIII, a developer seeking a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need must first submit to the Siting Board an application containing, inter alia, a description of the proposed site and facility (see, Public Service Law former § 142 [1] [a]), a description of alternate practical sources of power to the proposed facility, together with a
Once the Chair of the Siting Board determines that the application is complete, public hearings are scheduled before a presiding and associate ALJ who, at the conclusion of the hearing, issue a recommended decision (see, Public Service Law former §§ 143, 145). The Siting Board then reviews the record and renders a decision either granting or denying the application in question (see, Public Service Law former § 146 [1], [2]). Before the Siting Board may grant the requested certificate, it must first "find and determine" several factors including, inter alia, (1) the public need for the facility, (2) the nature of the probable environmental impact of the facility, (3) that the facility represents the minimum adverse environmental impact and is compatible with the public health and safety, (4) that the facility is consistent with the long-range planning objectives for electric power in the State, and (5) that the facility is in the public interest (see, Public Service Law former § 146 [2] [a]-[g]). Assuming the statutory criteria have been satisfied, the Siting Board may issue a certificate authorizing construction of the proposed facility.
We now turn to the specific arguments advanced by petitioners. As a threshold matter, we must determine whether the Siting Board lost jurisdiction over Inter-Power's application by extending the certification process beyond the two-year deadline set forth in Public Service Law former § 143 (4).
Petitioners' argument on this point is two-fold. First, petitioners contend that they were prejudiced by the Siting Board's decision to grant Inter-Power additional time to amend or correct its initial application and to submit additional air quality studies. Although responding to the changes in Inter-Power's application and reviewing the revised air quality studies was no doubt costly and time-consuming, the record indicates that petitioners had the opportunity to and did indeed challenge Inter-Power's submissions in this regard, and we are therefore unable to conclude that petitioners were substantially prejudiced by this precertification delay. Nor are we persuaded that the Siting Board's handling of this matter after the project was conditionally certified operated to divest it of jurisdiction. Assuming, for purposes of this discussion, that the conditional certificate issued is otherwise valid, we note that although the postcertification delay has been rather lengthy, and the administrative proceeding as a whole arguably less than expeditious, Inter-Power has not been granted an indefinite extension (cf., Matter of County of Suffolk v Gioia, supra). The conditional certificate will lapse by its own terms in September 1994 if the outstanding economic issues are not resolved before then. Additionally, although the filing of a revised power sales contract and the passage of additional time may trigger the need for further hearings on project economics and environmental impacts, the need for such hearings is uncertain at this point, and we are therefore unable to conclude, based upon the record presently before us, that petitioners have suffered substantial prejudice. In the event a revised power sales contract is filed before the conditional certificate lapses and the need for additional hearings is demonstrated, it may well be that the scope and cost of such hearings, together with the additional delay occasioned by them, will result in substantial prejudice to petitioners. Unless these events come to pass, however, petitioners' claim of prejudice is speculative and, in our view, premature.
Petitioners' primary contention regarding the substance of the Siting Board's determination is that the Siting Board failed to properly discharge the duties imposed upon it by Public Service Law former article VIII prior to granting the conditional certificate. Specifically, petitioners argue that absent a valid power sales contract, the Siting Board could not properly review the economics of the proposed facility and, further, that by delegating to the PSC the review and resolution of any outstanding contract issues, the Siting Board abrogated its independent duties in this regard.
As we observed at the outset, Public Service Law former article VIII was designed to balance, in a single proceeding, the public's need for electricity and their environmental concerns
As the foregoing provisions illustrate, Public Service Law former article VIII imposes upon the Siting Board very specific obligations, all aimed at ensuring that the Siting Board has before it and indeed considers the economic and environmental data necessary to render an informed decision. In our view, the absence of a valid power sales contract precluded the Siting Board from thoroughly and properly evaluating the economic impact of Inter-Power's proposed facility and, in turn, from discharging its statutory duty to weigh and balance project economics against the anticipated environmental impact.
We are similarly persuaded that the Siting Board's review under Public Service Law former article VIII is qualitatively and analytically distinct from the type of review performed by the PSC under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (see, 16 USC § 2601 et seq.), and we reject the notion that the Siting Board can fulfill its statutory obligation to evaluate project economics by having the PSC determine that the rates imposed by any revised power sales contract are "just and
Accordingly, we are of the view that the Siting Board failed to fulfill its duties under and comply with the mandates set forth in Public Service Law former article VIII and, as such, the conditional certificate issued by the Siting Board is invalid. In light of this conclusion, we need not address the remaining arguments advanced by petitioners, except to note that absent the required economic data, the Siting Board could not properly find and determine under Public Service Law former § 146 (2) (a) that there is a public need for the proposed facility.
Adjudged that the determination is annulled, with costs, and petitions granted to the extent that the certificate of environmental compatibility and public need issued by respondent New York State Board on Electric Generation Siting and the Environment to respondent Inter-Power of New York, Inc. is revoked.
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