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AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSN. v. GARFINKEL

No. 87-2127.

490 U.S. 153 (1989)

AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION ET AL. v. GARFINKEL, DIRECTOR, INFORMATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT OFFICE, ET AL.

Supreme Court of United States.

Decided April 18, 1989

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Patti A. Goldman argued the cause for appellants. With her on the briefs were Alan B. Morrison, Paul Alan Levy, and Susan Z. Holik.

Edwin S. Kneedler argued the cause for appellees. With him on the brief were Acting Solicitor General Bryson, Assistant Attorney General Bolton, Deputy Solicitor General Merrill, Barbara L. Herwig, and Freddi Lipstein.*

PER CURIAM.

As a condition of obtaining access to classified information, employees in the Executive Branch are required to sign "nondisclosure agreements" that detail the employees' obligation of confidentiality and provide for penalties in the event of unauthorized disclosure. Two such nondisclosure forms are at issue in this case. One, Standard Form 189, was devised by the Director of the Information Security Oversight...

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