STATE OF OHIO v. U.S. DEPT. OF THE INTERIOR

Nos. 86-1529, 86-1575, 86-1580, 86-1585, 86-1587, 86-1590, 86-1591, 86-1594, 86-1597, 88-1291, 88-1366.

880 F.2d 432 (1989)

STATE OF OHIO, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of Department of the Interior, Respondents, Public Service Electric and Gas Co., et al., ASARCO Inc., Intervenors. NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION, et al., Petitioner, v. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR and United States of America, Respondents, Edison Electric Institute, American Mining Congress, Public Service Electric and Gas Co., et al., Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Petroleum Institute, ASARCO Inc., Intervenors. STATE OF NEW JERSEY, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of Department of the Interior and United States of America, Respondents, Edison Electric Institute, American Petroleum Institute, American Mining Congress, ASARCO, Inc., Public Service Electric and Gas Co., Chemical Manufacturers Association, Intervenors. STATE OF COLORADO, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of Department of the Interior and United States of America, Respondents, Edison Electric Institute, American Mining Congress, Public Service Electric and Gas Co., et al., American Petroleum Institute, ASARCO Inc., Chemical Manufacturers Association, Intervenors. STATE OF NEW YORK, et al., Petitioners, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of Department of the Interior and United States of America, Respondents, American Mining Congress, Public Service Electric and Gas Co., et al., American Petroleum Institute, Edison Electric Institute, ASARCO, Inc., Chemical Manufacturers Association, Intervenors. COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of Department of the Interior and United States of America, Respondents, American Mining Congress, Public Service Electric and Gas Co., et al., American Petroleum Institute, Edison Electric Institute, ASARCO Inc., Chemical Manufacturers Association, Intervenors. PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, ex rel. John K. Van de Kamp, Attorney General of California, Petitioners, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of Department of the Interior and United States of America, Respondents, American Mining Congress, Public Service Electric and Gas Co., et al., American Petroleum Institute, Edison Electric Institute, ASARCO Inc., Chemical Manufacturers Association, Intervenors. CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of Department of the Interior and United States of America, Respondents, Edison Electric Institute, ASARCO Inc., National Wildlife Federation, et al., Intervenors. PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC & GAS COMPANY, and Dana Corporation, Petitioners, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of Department of the Interior and United States of America, Respondents, Edison Electric Institute, ASARCO Inc., National Wildlife Federation, et al., Intervenors. NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION, et al., Petitioners, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of Department of the Interior, Respondents. STATE OF NEW YORK, et al., Petitioners, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of Department of the Interior, Respondents.

United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.

Decided July 14, 1989.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Erik D. Olson and Gordon Johnson, with whom Eric Glitzenstein, Washington, D.C., Michael Bean, Robert Abrams, Charles R. Dyas, E. Dennis Muchnicki, Columbus, Ohio, Michael R. Hope, James D. Ellman, James M. Shannon, Boston, Mass., Lee P. Breckenridge, Mary E. Hackenbracht, San Francisco, Cal., James E. Tierney, Marcia J. Cleveland, Mary C. Jacobsen, Kenneth N. Tedford, Hartford, Conn., and Gary Powers were on the brief, for State and Environmental petitioners in nos. 86-1529, et al.

Francine A. Schott, Livingston, N.J., also entered an appearance, for petitioners in no. 86-1580.

Howard A. Kenison and Michael C. Donovan also entered appearances, for petitioners in no. 86-1585.

Susan M. Bernard, Washington, D.C., also entered an appearance, for petitioners in no. 86-1590.

Allene C. Zanger also entered an appearance, for petitioners in no. 86-1591.

John A. Zackrison, with whom Amy R. Sabrin, Jeffrey N. Martin and David F. Zoll, Washington, D.C., were on the joint brief for industry petitioners in 86-1529, et al., and also entered appearances, for intervenor Chemical Mfrs. Ass'n, in nos. 86-1575, 86-1580, 86-1585, 86-1587, 86-1590, 86-1591.

Edward W. Warren and Edmund B. Frost, Washington, D.C., also entered appearances, for petitioners in no. 86-1594.

Lawrence E. Blatnik, Atty., Dept. of Justice, with whom Roger J. Marzulla, Asst. Atty. Gen., Washington, D.C., and Margaret Kane Harrington were on the brief, for respondents in nos. 86-1529, et al.

Christopher Harris and Michael J. Brennan, Washington, D.C., with whom M. Elizabeth Cox, Edward M. Green, G. William Frick, Washington, D.C., Catherine Eshelman, John D. Fognani, Denver, Colo., John A. Zackrison, Jeffrey N. Martin, David F. Zoll, Toni K. Allen and Charles E. Di Leva, Washington, D.C., were on the joint brief, for intervenors.

Eric Glitzenstein, with whom Erik D. Olson, Washington, D.C., and Michael Bean were on the brief, for intervenors Nat. Wildlife Federation, Public Citizen, and Environmental Defense Fund in nos. 86-1529, et al.

Frank H. Morison and John D. Fognani, Denver, Colo., also entered appearances, for intervenor ASARCO, Inc. in nos. 86-1529, 86-1575, 86-1580, 86-1585, 86-1587, 86-1590, 86-1591, 86-1594 and 86-1597.

Edward H. Comer and William L. Fang, Washington, D.C., also entered appearances, for intervenor Edison Elec. Institute in nos. 86-1575, 86-1580, 86-1585, 86-1587, 86-1590 and 86-1591.

Douglas E. McAllister, Phoenix, Ariz., Roderic T. Dwyer, and M. Elizabeth Cox also entered appearances, for intervenor American Mining Congress in nos. 86-1575, 86-1580, 86-1585, 86-1587, 86-1590 and 86-1591.

Arnold S. Block, Philadelphia, Pa., also entered an appearance, for intervenor American Petroleum Institute in nos. 86-1575, 86-1580, 86-1585, 86-1587, 86-1590, 86-1591.


                                      TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                          Page
   I. BACKGROUND ......................................................... 438
      A. Statutory Background ............................................ 438
      B. The Natural Resource Damage Assessment Regulations .............. 440
  II. STANDARD OF REVIEW ................................................. 441
 III. THE "LESSER...

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