OPINION OF THE COURT
ADAMS, Circuit Judge.
Various owners and operators of bituminous coal mines brought suit pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (1982) challenging the constitutionality of state statutes and regulations governing the mining of coal in Pennsylvania. The district court granted summary judgment for defendants, holding that the state program violated neither the takings clause nor the contract clause of the Constitution, and was not an invalid...
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