NATIONAL ASS'N OF METAL FINISHERS v. E.P.A.

Nos. 79-2256, 79-2443, 80-1008, 81-1210, 81-1279, 81-1351, 81-1712, 81-1977 to 81-1979, 81-1981 to 81-1985, 81-2119, 81-2150 and 81-2151.

719 F.2d 624 (1983)

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF METAL FINISHERS, Electroplaters of York, Inc. and Pioneer Metal Finishing, Inc., Petitioners, v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent. The INSTITUTE FOR INTERCONNECTING AND PACKAGING ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS, Petitioner, v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, INC., Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY and Douglas M. Costle, Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Respondents, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF METAL FINISHERS and Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits, Petitioners, v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY and Walter Barber, Acting Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Respondents, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL, INC., Petitioner, v. U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Douglas M. Costle, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Respondents, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Cyanamid Company, FMC Corporation, Union Carbide Corporation, Intervenors. UNITED STATES BREWERS ASSOCIATION, Petitioner, v. ADMINISTRATOR, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, and Environmental Protection Agency, Respondents, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION, American Paper Institute, National Forest Products Association, National Paint and Coatings Association, Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., American Cyanamid Company, FMC Corporation, Hercules Incorporated, Shell Oil Company, and Union Carbide Corporation, Petitioners, v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. ASSOCIATION OF METROPOLITAN SEWERAGE AGENCIES, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF METAL FINISHERS, Petitioner, v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, American Cyanamid Company, FMC Corporation, Union Carbide Corporation, Petitioners, v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. AMERICAN PAPER INSTITUTE and National Forest Products Association, Petitioners, v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL, INC., Petitioner, v. U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Cyanamid Company, FMC Corporation, Union Carbide Corporation, Intervenors. METAL FINISHING ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, Petitioner, v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent. INTERLAKE, INC., Republic Steel Corporation and United States Steel Corporation, Petitioners, v. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor, American Iron & Steel Institute, Rouge Steel Co., Intervenors. CHICAGO ASSOCIATION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY, Illinois Manufacturers' Association, and Mid-American Legal Foundation, Petitioners, v. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Decided September 20, 1983.

As Amended October 5, 1983.

Rehearing Denied October 24, 1983.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Theodore Garrett (argued), Constance J. Chatwood, Corinne A. Goldstein, Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C., for National Ass'n of Metal Finishers, The Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits, and Chemical Manufacturers Ass'n.

John M. Cannon (argued), Susan W. Wanat, Mid-American Legal Foundation, Chicago, Ill., for Chicago Ass'n of Commerce and Industry.

Robert J. Saner, II (argued), Lee C. White, White, Fine & Verville, Washington, D.C., for Ass'n of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies.

Turner T. Smith (argued), E. Milton Farley, III, William B. Ellis, Manning Gasch, Jr., Hunton & Williams, Richmond, Va., for Ford Motor Company and Rouge Steel.

Norman W. Bernstein (argued), Douglas E. Cutler, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich., for Ford Motor Company.

Louis E. Tosi (argued), William L. Patberg, Fuller & Henry, Toledo, Ohio, for General Motors.

James T. Harrington (argued), Dixie L. Laswell, Edward P. Kenney, Rooks, Pitts, Fullagar & Poust, Chicago, Ill., for Interlake, Inc., Republic Steel Corp., U.S. Steel Corp. and American Iron & Steel Institute.

R. Stuart Broom (argued), James W. Riddell, Dawson, Riddell, Fox, Holroyd, Wilson & Jackson, Washington, D.C., for U.S. Brewers Ass'n.

Alan S. Miller (argued), J. Taylor Banks, Frances Dubrowski, Washington, D.C., for NRDC.

Michael K. Glenn, Gary R. Feulner, Chadbourne, Parke, Whiteside & Wolff, Washington, D.C., for American Paper Institute and The National Forest Products Ass'n.

Donald T. Bliss, David T. Beddow, O'Melveny & Myers, Washington, D.C., and Mark R. Steinberg, O'Melveny & Myers, Los Angeles, Cal., for Metal Finishing Ass'n of Southern California.

Barry S. Neuman (argued), Michael Steinberg (argued), George E. Henderson, Lee R. Tyner, Carol E. Dinkins, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jose R. Allen, Acting Chief, Environmental Defense Section, Lloyd S. Guerci, Joan Z. Bernstein, Anthony Z. Roisman, Ellen Maldonado, James W. Moorman, Donald W. Stever, Michael W. Stein, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Michael Dworkin (argued), Michael Murchison, Ellen Siegler, Daniel J. Berry, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., for EPA; Of Counsel: Robert M. Perry, Associate Administrator and Gen. Counsel, Susan G. Lepow, Asst. Gen. Counsel Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., of counsel.

Before: GIBBONS, HUNTER and BECKER, Circuit Judges.


                   TABLE OF CONTENTS

  I. BACKGROUND

     A. The Statute

     B. The Regulations

        1. The General Pretreatment Regulations

        2. The Categorical Electroplating Standards



     C. The Consolidated Cases

     D. The Standard of Review

 II. THE GENERAL PRETREATMENT
        REGULATION

     A. The Definitions of "Interference" and "Pass
             Through"
...

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