GEE, Circuit Judge:
Dr. Jess F. Rhodes filed this diversity suit for breach of contract against the Amarillo Hospital District. The district court concluded that Rhodes, not the district, had breached his employment contract and rendered judgment for the defendant district. From this adverse judgment plaintiff appeals to this court. He argues that the court below erred in its findings on breach of contract; that defendant waived any possible breach on plaintiff's part by its behavior during the course of his employment; and that he was deprived of a fair trial by the court's denial of motions for continuance, for leave to file an amended complaint, and for jury trial after waiver. He also urges this court, on its reversal of the liability finding below, to award damages in excess of $100,000. We have carefully reviewed Dr. Rhodes' complaints and find them without merit. The judgment of the district is in all respects affirmed.
I. Facts
In March of 1976, Dr. Rhodes, a Florida physician, signed a contract with the Amarillo Hospital District
Rhodes immediately entered into that portion of his duties for which no medical license was required; he did not, as under state law he could not, treat psychiatric patients or otherwise "practice medicine." Officials of the district remained concerned with Rhodes' nonlicensure and assisted him, chiefly through the provision of secretarial help, in his dilatory efforts to complete the forms and follow the procedures necessary for licensure. After three months' delay, Dr. Cannedy, dissatisfied with an employee unable to perform his duties fully, sent plaintiff a letter on June 1, 1976, that constituted the four-week written notice of contract termination stipulated in Article F of the employment contract.
After receiving this letter, Dr. Rhodes completed the application process. The State Board of Medical Examiners approved his application for reciprocity licensure and issued a temporary license on June 25, 1976, which Dr. Rhodes received on June 30. He did not then begin treating psychiatric patients of the Amarillo Hospital District. On July 2, the day following that set in the June 1 letter as the date for termination, Rhodes met with Cannedy and presented his license. Cannedy replied, "Go to work." This Rhodes declined to do unless provided with a written rescission of the June 1 notice of termination. Upon Cannedy's failure to provide him this second letter, Rhodes refused to perform the services required by the contract and left Amarillo. Plaintiff, once again a Florida resident, then filed suit on May 20, 1977.
II. Breach of Contract
Dr. Rhodes advances two arguments against the finding that he, not the district, breached the employment agreement. He first argues that no state medical license was necessary to the performance of his contract duties and that for four months he fully performed those required services. This argument is absurd; stripped to its essentials, it maintains that plaintiff was not hired to practice psychiatry. Trial testimony, contract terms, and simple logic are to the contrary. On cross-examination Dr. Rhodes admitted several times that his contract duties included the treatment of patients in need of psychiatric care.
Plaintiff's second argument against the district court's conclusions on breach revolves around the proper characterization of the June 1 letter from Cannedy to Rhodes. Dr. Rhodes asserts that the letter constituted an anticipatory repudiation of the contract by the district and that consequently any subsequent failure on his part to perform could not put him in breach. This argument misapplies legal doctrine and misstates fact.
The doctrine of anticipatory repudiation is poorly fitted to the facts of this dispute. Typically, "anticipatory repudiation" arises when a party unequivocally renounces his duties under a contract prior to the time fixed for his performance. Whatever the act of repudiation and by whom, it was here scarcely "anticipatory." Both parties had begun performance; neither, consequently, at that late date (June 1) could anticipatorily breach the contract. Further performance theoretically could have been repudiated
The June 1 letter was merely the four-week written notice of intent to discharge stipulated in the contract. Neither party treated it as certain termination of Rhodes' employment; by its terms it was not. During the month of June Rhodes continued his partial services to the district and finally secured a license from the state board. July 1 passed, with no termination by the district of Rhodes' employment. At their July 2 meeting, Cannedy told the now-licensed Rhodes to go to work. Rhodes, apparently misapprehending the legal effect of the June 1 notice and fearing the contract was endangered by that letter's existence, refused to work until the June 1 letter was formally rescinded. Rhodes, unschooled in contract law, stood his ground when he should have yielded. His rights under the contract were unaffected by the June 1 letter. The mere passage of time from June 1 to July 1 did not terminate his employment. Additional, affirmative action by the district was necessary to do that. Contrary to his belief, Rhodes retained enforceable contract rights and responsibilities on July 2 without any written repudiation of the June 1 letter. His refusal to render the promised psychiatric services put him in breach.
III. Alleged Waiver of Breach
Dr. Rhodes argues that, if his failure to provide full psychiatric services for the district constituted a breach of contract otherwise justifying his termination, the district's employment and payment of him for four months and acceptance of his limited services constituted a waiver of it. Several grounds foreclose this argument.
It does not appear that Dr. Rhodes timely raised this issue of waiver in the court below. The original complaint and the pretrial order contain no mention of waiver of breach. The issue of waiver was not litigated and decided in the district court; no manifest injustice would inhere in our refusing to consider it on appeal. Even ignoring procedural irregularity, the want of substance in this waiver claim makes appellate dismissal correct. If its actions could be considered indicative of waiver, the district would have waived at most any right to recover salary paid Rhodes for the four months from March 1 to July 1. The district's patience and helpfulness to Rhodes cannot be taken as indications of an acceptance of continued partial performance by the doctor or of waiver of its right to employ a staff physician willing to practice medicine. The district's actions during the four months indicate an unwavering demand that Rhodes secure a state medical license. Finally, the months of delay and partial performance were the grounds for the June 1 notice of termination but not the sole instance of plaintiff's breach of contract. Dr. Rhodes breached his contract on July 2 with his refusal, once licensed, to perform psychiatric services for the district. Any prior actions by the district arguably indicative of waiver of plaintiff's dilatory licensure efforts cannot be construed as waiver of this subsequent breach.
IV. Denial of Plaintiff's Motions
Some additional factual background is necessary to a full understanding of plaintiff's arguments here. Plaintiff, again a Florida resident at the institution of this suit on May 20, 1977, retained both Florida and Texas counsel. On June 15, 1978, in the face of disbarment proceedings, Dr. Rhodes' Texas lawyer withdrew from practice. At all times from the filing of the complaint until trial, however, plaintiff was represented at least by Florida counsel, who had signed the original complaint. Plaintiff finally retained new Texas counsel in early November 1979, seventeen months after the resignation of his initial Texas lawyer, scant days before the pretrial order was due and a month before trial. On November 16, two weeks before the date set for the pretrial conference, three weeks before trial, and thirty months after the suit's filing, plaintiff filed three motions in
A. Continuance.
The decision to grant or deny a continuance lies within the sound discretion of the district court. Crompton-Richmond Co. v. Briggs, 560 F.2d 1195 (5th Cir. 1977); Thompson v. Fleming, 402 F.2d 266 (5th Cir. 1968); 9 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice & Procedure § 2352 (1971). We have studied the circumstances and find that the trial judge did not abuse her discretion in denying a continuance. No adequate explanation is offered for plaintiff's long delay in hiring a new Texas lawyer. During the seventeen months in which plaintiff had no Texas counsel he was not without legal representation; his Florida lawyer apparently played an active role in the institution and preparation of this lawsuit. The recently retained Texas lawyer, who tried the case for plaintiff, argues that the relatively short time for preparing the case hampered his effective prosecution of plaintiff's claim. We can understand plaintiff counsel's belief that, given more time to prepare, he could have presented a better case. We, however, are in a poor position to weigh its validity, and, furthermore, we do not consider that speculative assertion a sufficient basis for finding error in the trial court's denial of this motion. It was not here an abuse of discretion for the trial judge to call a halt to delay and proceed to trial.
B. Amendment of Complaint.
Plaintiff's second motion was for leave to file an amended complaint adding Dr. Cannedy as an individual defendant and alleging several additional, basically tort, theories of recovery
See also Bamm, Inc. v. GAF Corp., supra at 391.
The trial judge did not abuse her discretion in concluding that justice did not require receiving this amended complaint. Our conclusion here is, however, made more difficult because the trial judge cursorily denied this motion, assigning no reasons for her action. We have previously indicated the disfavor with which we view district court denials of amendments without stated reasons. Griggs v. Hinds Junior College, 563 F.2d 179 (5th Cir. 1977); Hilgeman v. National Insurance Company of America, 547 F.2d 298 (5th Cir. 1977).
The inordinate delay in filing this amendment (thirty months after the original complaint) and its timing (three weeks before trial) weigh heavily against plaintiff. This court has previously recognized that "[a]t some point in time delay on the part of a plaintiff can be procedurally fatal." Gregory v. Mitchell, 634 F.2d 199, 203 (5th Cir. 1981). We do not imply that this delay alone would necessarily permit an exercise of discretion against plaintiff's request; but in the absence of justification for the delay, it was properly to be considered strongly against plaintiff's motion. No sufficient justification or excuse has been offered for the delay. The retention of a new attorney able to perceive or draft different or more creative claims from the same set of facts is itself no excuse for the late filing of an amended complaint. In Summit Office Park, Inc. v. United States Steel Corp., 639 F.2d 1278, 1284 (5th Cir. 1981), this court noted that the intent of Rule 15(a) "is to assist the disposition of litigation on the merits of the case rather than have pleadings become ends in themselves." This was not a case in which incomplete or inadequate pleadings, uncorrected by amendment, doomed plaintiff's recovery. While seeking recovery under the headings of different tort claims, plaintiff's case remained that pled in the original breach of contract complaint. Plaintiff's claim was disposed of on its merits. The denial of leave to amend did not compromise plaintiff's chance of recovery; the facts took care of that.
C. Jury Trial.
Finally, plaintiff complains of the district court's denial of his request for jury trial after waiver. It is undisputed that plaintiff waived his right to jury trial by failing to make the written demand required by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 38(b). The rules, however, allow a party an opportunity for relief from that waiver. Rule 39(b) provides: "[N]otwithstanding the failure of a party to demand a jury in an action in which such a demand might have been made of right, the court in its discretion upon motion may order a trial by a jury of any or all issues." This court has previously stated that, "when the discretion of the court is invoked under Rule 39(b), the court should grant a jury trial in the absence of strong and compelling reasons to the contrary." Swofford v. B & W, Inc., 336 F.2d 406, 409 (5th Cir. 1964). We elaborated that position in Bush v. Allstate Insurance Co., 425 F.2d 393 (5th Cir. 1970), in a manner supportive of the trial court's action here. After citing and quoting the exact language from Swofford above, we concluded: "It is not an abuse of discretion by a District Judge to deny a Rule 39(b) motion, however, when the failure to make a timely demand for a jury trial results from mere inadvertence on the part of the moving party (citations omitted). In this case the excuse put forth by [plaintiff] was the inadvertence of both his lawyers.... [T]he District Court was not required to order a trial by jury." Id. at 396. "Mere inadvertence" seems a charitable description of plaintiff's delay here.
V. Award of Damages
Since we have fully affirmed the district court's liability findings, there is no need to consider the question of an award of damages to plaintiff. We note that, had our conclusions on liability been contrary to those of the district court, an appellate award of damages would have been improper. Evidence on damages was presented at
FootNotes
See also id. at 175-76.
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