ADAMS v. UNITED STATES

Nos. 79-1468, 79-1470, 79-1471, 79-1477 and 79-1486.

620 F.2d 1277 (1980)

Janice ADAMS and Jack Adams, Jr., minors, by Jerrianne Adams, their natural guardian and next friend, and Jerrianne Adams; Catherine M. Neel and Camille A. Neel, minors, by Catherine Neel, their natural guardian and next friend, and Catherine Neel; Mary Edington and Susan Edington, minors, by Horace Edington, their natural guardian and next friend, and Horace Edington, The Concerned Parents for Neighborhood Schools, Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, Board of Education of the City of St. Louis, and Daniel L. Schlafly, Frederick E. Busse, Gordon L. Benson, Malcolm W. Martin, Mrs. Anita L. Bond, Mrs. Joyce Bowen, Henry M. Grich, Jr. (Secretary), Rev. James L. Cummings (President), Mrs. Erma J. Lawrence, Rev. Donald E. Mayer (Vice President), Lawrence Moser, Charles Harris, and Julius C. Dix, Benjamin M. Price, Robert W. Bernthal, David J. Mahan, Charles Brasfield (School District Superintendents) and Robert E. Wentz (Superintendent of Schools), Appellees. UNITED STATES of America, Appellant, v. CITY OF ST. LOUIS, Appellee, Janice Adams and Jack Adams, Jr., minors, by Jerrianne Adams, their natural guardian and next friend, and Jerrianne Adams; Catherine M. Neel and Camille A. Neel, minors, by Catherine Neel, their natural guardian and next friend, and Catherine Neel; Mary Edington and Susan Edington, minors, by Horace Edington, their natural guardian and next friend, and Horace Edington, The Concerned Parents for Neighborhood Schools, Appellees, Board of Education of the City of St. Louis, and Daniel L. Schlafly, Frederick E. Busse, Gordon L. Benson, Malcolm W. Martin, Mrs. Anita L. Bond, Mrs. Joyce Bowen, Henry M. Grich, Jr. (Secretary), Rev. James L. Cummings (President), Mrs. Erma J. Lawrence, Rev. Donald E. Mayer (Vice President), Lawrence Moser, Charles Harris, and Julius C. Dix, Benjamin M. Price, Robert W. Bernthal, David J. Mahan, Charles Brasfield (School District Superintendents) and Robert E. Wentz (Superintendent of Schools), Appellees. Earline CALDWELL, Lillie Caldwell, Denise Daniels, Dwane Daniels, Cedric Williams, Stephanie Williams, Gloria Williams, Janis Hutcherson, Lee Hutcherson, Robert Smith, Eddie S. Willis and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Appellants, v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF the CITY OF ST. LOUIS and Daniel L. Schlafly, Frederick E. Busse, Gordon L. Benson, Malcolm W. Martin, Mrs. Anita L. Bond, Mrs. Joyce Bowen, Henry M. Grich, Jr. (Secretary), Rev. James L. Cummings (President), Mrs. Erma J. Lawrence, Rev. Donald E. Mayer (Vice President), Lawrence Moser, Charles Harris, and Julius C. Dix, Benjamin M. Price, Robert W. Bernthal, David J. Mahan, Charles Brasfield (School District Superintendents) and Robert E. Wentz (Superintendent of Schools) and The State of Missouri, Arthur Mallory, Commissioner of Education of the State of Missouri, The State of Missouri Board of Education, Appellees. Craton LIDDELL, a minor, by Minnie Liddell, his mother and next friend, and Minnie Liddell, Joanna Goldsby, a minor, by Barbara Goldsby, her mother and next friend, and Barbara Goldsby, Deborah Yarber, a minor, by Samuel Yarber, her father and next friend, and Samuel Yarber, Nathalie Moore, a minor, by Louise Moore, her mother and next friend, and Louise Moore, Rachelle LeGrand, a minor, by Lois LeGrand, her mother and next friend, and Lois LeGrand, on behalf of themselves and all other school-age children and their parents residing in the metropolitan school district of the City of St. Louis, Missouri, Appellants, v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF the CITY OF ST. LOUIS, and Daniel L. Schlafly, Frederick E. Busse, Gordon L. Benson, Malcolm W. Martin, Mrs. Anita L. Bond, Mrs. Joyce Bowen, Henry M. Grich, Jr. (Secretary), Rev. James L. Cummings (President), Mrs. Erma J. Lawrence, Rev. Donald E. Mayer (Vice President), Lawrence Moser, Charles Harris, and Julius C. Dix, Benjamin M. Price, Robert W. Bernthal, David J. Mahan, Charles Brasfield (School District Superintendents) and Robert E. Wentz (Superintendent of Schools), Appellees, and The State of Missouri, Arthur Mallory, Commissioner of Education of the State of Missouri, The State of Missouri Board of Education, Appellees. CITY OF ST. LOUIS, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, Board of Education of the City of St. Louis and Daniel L. Schlafly, Frederick E. Busse, Gordon L. Benson, Malcolm W. Martin, Mrs. Anita L. Bond, Mrs. Joyce Bowen, Henry M. Grich, Jr. (Secretary), Rev. James L. Cummings (President), Mrs. Erma J. Lawrence, Rev. Donald E. Mayer (Vice President), Lawrence Moser, Charles Harris, and Julius C. Dix, Benjamin M. Price, Robert W. Bernthal, David J. Mahan, Charles Brasfield (School District Superintendents) and Robert E. Wentz (Superintendent of Schools), Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Decided March 3, 1980.

Rehearing Denied April 10, 1980.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Richard B. Fields, Ratner & Sugarmon, Memphis, Tenn., argued, and William E. Caldwell, Memphis, Tenn., David A. Lang, St. Louis University School of Law, St. Louis, Mo., Nathaniel R. Jones, NAACP Gen. Counsel, New York City, and Thomas I. Atkins, Sp. Counsel, NAACP, Boston, Mass., on brief, for appellant, Caldwell.

William P. Russell, St. Louis, Mo., argued, Joseph S. McDuffie, and William P. Russell, St. Louis, Mo., on brief, for appellant Liddell.

Charles W. Kunderer, Klutho, Cody & Kilo, St. Louis, Mo., argued, and Jack L. Koehr, City Counselor, St. Louis, Mo., on brief, for appellant, City of St. Louis.

Anthony J. Sestric, St. Louis, Mo., for appellant, Adams.

John H. Lashly, Lashly, Caruthers, Thies, Rava & Hamel, St. Louis, Mo., argued, Paul B. Rava, Kenneth C. Brostron, Stephen A. Cooper, Alan D. Pratzel, St. Louis, Mo., on brief, for appellee, Bd. of Ed.

Sheila K. Hyatt, Legal Counsel, Jefferson City, Mo., argued, and John Ashcroft, Atty. Gen., Jefferson City, Mo., on brief, for appellee, State of Missouri.

Drew S. Days, III, Asst. Atty. Gen., Brian K. Landsberg, Jessica Dunsay Silver, and Thomas D. Yannucci, Attys., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C. and Robert D. Kingsland, U. S. Atty., St. Louis, Mo., for appellee, United States.


Opinion of the Court by LAY, Chief Judge, and HEANEY, BRIGHT, ROSS, STEPHENSON, HENLEY and McMILLIAN, Circuit Judges.

Prior to 1865, Missouri prohibited the creation or maintenance of schools for teaching black children to read or write. In 1865, the state legislature passed laws requiring that separate schools be established for black students. The substance of this legislation was incorporated in the Missouri Constitution...

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