IRVING R. KAUFMAN, Circuit Judge:
Like all maritime nations of the world, the United States treats its coastwise shipping trade as a jealously guarded preserve. In order to participate in this trade, a vessel's credentials must be thoroughly American. The ship must have been built in an American shipyard and be owned by American citizens. Moreover, it must not have trifled with its American heritage.
Under the first proviso to section 27 of the Merchant Marine...
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