PARKER Circuit Judge.
On January 1, 1944, this Court entered its decree affirming and enforcing an order of the Federal Trade Commission which directed the American Chain & Cable Company, Inc., and certain other manufacturers of wire rope, hereinafter referred to as petitioners, to cease and desist from certain unfair trade practices found to be in violation of section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act. 15 U.S.C. A. § 45. The order directed that the petitioners "do forthwith cease and desist from continuing, entering into, or carrying out any agreement, understanding, combination or conspiracy, and from continuing or cooperating in any agreed or planned common course of action, between or among any two or more of said respondents, or between any one or more of said respondents and any person, association or corporation not a party to this order, to do or perform any of the following acts or things". The acts prohibited by the order include fixing the prices or conditions of sale of wire rope to dealers, distributors and users thereof, establishing and maintaining territorial delivered price zones, and making sales upon a delivered price basis under a zone system whereby the cost to all customers of any particular class is made identical to all destinations within a particular zone.
Before the order of the Commission became final under 15 U.S.C.A. § 45(g) (2), the petitioners filed a motion with the Commission
Three questions are presented by the motion before us: (1) whether there is power in the Commission to modify or stay the enforcement of the order which has been affirmed by the Court; (2) whether the Court has power to direct the Commission to consider the motion of petitioners directed to that end; and (3) whether the circumstances here warrant the giving of such direction to the Commission. We think that all of these questions should be answered in the affirmative.
Orders of the Commission, like most administrative orders, ordinarily have relation to the future and not to the past; and with the passage of time their provisions may be rendered inappropriate by changing conditions. In such cases, provision is made that the orders may be modified or vacated. Section 5 of the Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C.A. § 45 (b), provides: "After the expiration of the time allowed for filing a petition for review, if no such petition has been duly filed within such time, the Commission may at any time, after notice and opportunity for hearing, reopen and alter, modify, or set aside, in whole or in part, any report or order made or issued by it under this section, whenever in the opinion of the Commission conditions of fact or of law have so changed as to require such action or if the public interest shall so require: Provided, however, That the said person, partnership, or corporation may, within sixty days after service upon him or it of said report or order entered after such a reopening, obtain a review thereof in the appropriate circuit court of appeals of the United States, in the manner provided in subsection (c) of this section."
It is argued that the power of the Commission to modify or vacate its orders under the language quoted exists only where no petition for review has been filed with a Circuit Court of Appeals, and not where a petition has been filed and a decree of affirmance and enforcement has been entered; but we are not impressed with this argument. The necessity for modification may be just as urgent in the case of an order which has been affirmed and ordered enforced by the Circuit Court of Appeals as in the case of one which has become final under 15 U.S.C.A. § 45(g) (1) by reason of failure to file a petition for review; and it is not reasonable to suppose either that Congress intended to deny relief in such cases or that it intended to vest the Circuit Court of Appeals with power to grant the relief, which is essentially administrative in character.
The power of this Court to direct the Commission to give consideration to a motion for a modification of one of its orders arises, we think, from the powers given the Court by 15 U.S.C.A. § 45(c) to review such order of modification and "to issue such writs as are ancillary to its jurisdiction." It is well settled that a court given power of review may by mandamus compel the court over which it is given such power to exercise its jurisdiction so that the power of review may not be defeated. See Roche v. Evaporated Milk Ass'n, 319 U.S. 21, 25, 63 S.Ct. 938, 87 L. Ed. 1185; Adams v. United States, ex rel. McCann, 317 U.S. 269, 273, 63 S.Ct. 236, 87 L.Ed. 268, 143 A.L.R. 435; McClellan v. Carland, 217 U.S. 268, 279, 280, 30 S.Ct. 501, 54 L.Ed. 762; In re Pennsylvania Co., 137 U.S. 451, 452, 11 S.Ct. 141, 34 L.Ed. 738; United States v. Malmin, 3 Cir., 272 F. 785. And that mandamus from a court is an appropriate remedy to require an administrative commission to exercise the power with which it is vested, see Interstate Commerce Commission v. United States ex rel. Humbolt S. S. Co., 224 U.S. 474, 484, 485, 32 S.Ct. 556, 56 L.Ed. 849; Louisville Cement Co. v. Interstate Commerce Commission, 246 U.S. 638, 38 S.Ct. 408, 62 L.Ed. 914; United States ex rel. Chicago Great Western R. Co. v. Interstate Commerce Commission, 294 U.S. 50, 60, 55 S.Ct. 326, 78 L.Ed. 752. It is true of course that a Circuit Court of Appeals is without power to award mandamus except in aid of its supervisory or appellate jurisdiction; but where it is given jurisdiction to review an administrative commission there is no reason why the power should not be exercised in the same way as where reviewing power is given over a court. If there were any doubt as to this, the power granted by the section of the statute referred to above "to issue such writs as are ancillary to its jurisdiction" would remove the doubt here.
And we think that the power of the Court to direct the Commission to give consideration to the motion arises also from the power of the Court to enforce its decree and to punish any disobedience thereof as contempt. When a party who would be subject to punishment for contempt for disobedience of the decree represents to the Court that conditions have changed to such an extent that he should not be required to comply with the order and that it should be modified, but that the Commission denies its power to modify and refuses to consider a motion addressed to that end, the Court should have, and in our opinion does have, the power to direct the Commission to consider the motion and exercise the administrative power delegated to it by Congress, so that the Court's power to enforce its decree by contempt proceedings or otherwise may be properly exercised. The power to award mandamus in such cases arises out of necessity and would seem to fall clearly within the power given in the clause above quoted to issue writs ancillary to its jurisdiction. The proper exercise of the power to punish for contempt is as important as the exercise of the power of review and furnishes an additional ground for the issuance of the writ in a case of this character. The power to issue the writ is "an extraordinary power, which, though always guarded by courts, is freely employed `to prevent disorder from a failure of justice.' Rex v. Baker, 3 Burr. 1265." United States v. Malmin, supra, 3 Cir., 272 F. 785, 789.
We note the decisions in Indiana Quartered Oak v. Federal Trade Comm., 2 Cir., 58 F.2d 182; H. N. Heusner & Son v. Federal Trade Comm., 3 Cir., 106 F.2d 596, and Century Metalcraft Corp. v. Federal Trade Comm., 7 Cir., 112 F.2d 443, wherein expressions are used which would indicate a power in the Circuit Court of Appeals to modify its decree of enforcement because of changed conditions. We
On the third question, we would not be impressed with the necessity for the modification or suspension of the order in this case, were it not for the recommendations made by the War and Navy Departments. Without intimating what action, if any, should be taken by the Commission on the motion of petitioners in the light of these recommendations, we are of opinion that the motion should be considered and passed upon and that the Commission should take such action with respect to granting or denying the motion as in its judgment may be appropriate in the premises.
We do not think that the certificate of compliance filed by the petitioners with the Commission renders moot the questions raised on their petition to us. It does not follow that the order should be left unmodified merely because petitioners have agreed to abide by it. If its enforcement in the future will in fact hinder the war effort, it ought to be modified, whatever they may have done toward accepting its provisions.
For the reasons stated, order will be entered directing the Commission to consider and pass upon the motion of petitioners.
Petition granted.
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