PROMETHEUS RADIO PROJECT v. FCC

Nos. 15-3863, 15-3864, 15-3865 & 15-3866.

824 F.3d 33 (2016)

*PROMETHEUS RADIO PROJECT v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; United States of America. Howard Stirk Holdings, LLC, Petitioner in No. 15-3863. Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc., Petitioner in No. 15-3864. National Association of Broadcasters, Petitioner in No. 15-3865. Prometheus Radio Project, Petitioner in No. 15-3866. *(Amended per Clerk Order of March 14, 2016).

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

(Opinion filed May 25, 2016).


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Colby M. May, Esquire , 201 Maryland Avenue, N.E., Washington, DC 20002, Counsel for Petitioner, Howard Stirk Holdings, LLC

Kim M. Keenan, Esquire , David Honig, Esquire , Minority Media & Telecommunications Council, 3636 16th Street, N.W., B-366, Washington, DC 20010, Counsel for Intervenor Petitioner, Multicultural Media, Telecom and Internet Council

Eve Klindera Reed, Esquire , Brett A. Shumate, Esquire , Wiley Rein LLP, 1776 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, Counsel for Intervenor Petitioner, Mission Broadcasting Inc.

Jonathan B. Sallet , General Counsel, David M. Gossett (Argued), Deputy General Counsel, Jacob M. Lewis , Associate General Counsel, Clifford G. Pash, Jr., Esquire , James M. Carr, Esquire , Richard K. Welch, Esquire , Federal Communications Commission, Room 8-A833, 445 12th Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20554, Counsel for Respondent, Federal Communications Commission

William J. Baer , Assistant Attorney General, Kristen C. Limarzi, Esquire , Robert J. Wiggers, Esquire , United States Department of Justice, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20530, Counsel for Respondent, United States of America

Helgi C. Walker, Esquire (Argued), Ashley S. Boizelle, Esquire , Lindsay S. See, Esquire , Gibson Dunn, 1050 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., 9th Floor, Washington, DC 20036, Rick Kaplan, Esquire , Jerianne Timmerman, Esquire , National Association of Broadcasters, 1771 N Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, Counsel for Petitioner/Intervenor Respondent, National Association of Broadcasters

Patrick F. Philbin, Esquire (Argued), Kirkland & Ellis, 655 15th Street, N.W., Suite 1200, Washington, DC 20005, Counsel for Petitioner/Intervenor Respondent, Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc.

Angela J. Campbell, Esquire (Argued), Eric G. Null, Esquire , Andrew J. Schwartzman, Esquire , Drew T. Simshaw, Esquire , Institute for Public Representation, Georgetown University Law Center, 600 New Jersey Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20001, Counsel for Petitioner/Intervenor Respondent, Prometheus Radio Project, Other Intervenor Respondents Benton Foundation; Common Cause; Media Alliance; Media Council Hawaii; National Organization for, Women Foundation; Office of Communication, Inc., of, the United Church of Christ; National Association of, Broadcast Employees and Technicians-Communications, Workers of America

David E. Mills, Esquire , Jason E. Rademacher, Esquire , Cooley LLP, 1299 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC 20004, Barry J. Ohlson, Esquire , Cox Enterprises, Inc., 975 F Street, N.W., Suite 300, Washington, D.C. 20004, Counsel for Amicus Petitioner, Cox Media Group Inc.

William J. Kolasky, Jr., Esquire , Kathleen M. Fones, Esquire , Katherine L. Steele, Esquire , Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP, 1775 I Street, N.W., Suite 600, Washington, DC 20006, Morgan J. Feder, Esquire , Justin Ben-Asher, Esquire , Sigrid Jernudd, Esquire , Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP, One Battery Park Plaza, New York, NY 10004-1482, Geoffrey A. Manne, Esquire , R. Benjamin Sperry, Esquire , International Center for Law and Economics, 2325 E. Burnside Street, Suite 301, Portland, OR 97213, Counsel for Amicus Petitioner, International Center for Law and Economics

Before: AMBRO, FUENTES and SCIRICA, Circuit Judges


OPINION OF THE COURT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Background...37

II. Jurisdiction and Standard of Review...39

A. Delayed agency action...39

B. Final agency action...40

III. The Eligible Entity Definition...40

A. The FCC's objectives...40

B. Prometheus I<...

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