IN RE CHOCOLATE CONFECTIONARY ANTITRUST LITIGATION

Nos. 14-2790, 14-2791, 14-2792, 14-2793, 14-2794, 14-2795.

801 F.3d 383 (2015)

In re CHOCOLATE CONFECTIONARY ANTITRUST LITIGATION. The Kroger Co., Safeway, Inc., Walgreen Co., Hy-Vee, Inc., Albertsons LLC, The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company, Inc., and HEB Grocery Company L.P., Appellants in 14-2790. Giant Eagle, Inc., Appellant in 14-2791. United Supermarkets, LLC, Appellant in 14-2792. Meijer, Inc., Meijer Distribution, Inc., Publix Super Markets, Inc., Super Valu Inc., and Affiliated Foods, Inc., Appellants in 14-2793. Card & Party Mart II Ltd., Jones Wholesale Grocery, Inc.*, PITCO Foods, and The Lorain Novelty Co., Inc., as representatives of the Direct Purchaser Class, Appellants in 14-2794. *Pursuant to Clerk Order of July 3, 2014 CVS Pharmacy, Longs Drug Stores California, Inc., Rite Aid Corporation, Rite Aid Hdqtrs., Corp., and the Golub Corporation, Appellants in 14-2795.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Filed: September 15, 2015.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Scott E. Perwin, Esq. , Kenny Nachwalter , Miami, FL, Steve D. Shadowen, Esq. , ARGUED, Hilliard & Shadowen, Mechanicsburg, PA, for Appellants in 14-2790.

Moira E. Cain-Mannix, Esq. , Brian C. Hill, Esq. , Scott D. Livingston, Esq. , Bernard D. Marcus, Esq. , Marcus & Shapira, Pittsburgh, PA, Joseph T. Lukens, Esq. , Faruqi & Faruqi, Jenkintown, PA, for Appellants in 14-2791.

Daniel H. Gold, Esq. , Haynes & Boone, Dallas, TX, for Appellant in 14-2792.

Richard L. Coffman, Esq. , The Coffman Law Firm, Beaumont, TX, David P. Germaine, Esq. , Alberto Rodriguez, Esq. , Joseph M. Vanek, Esq. , Vanek Vickers & Masini, Chicago, IL, Steve D. Shadowen, Esq. , Argued, Hilliard & Shadowen, Mechanicsburg, PA, for Appellants in 14-2793.

Ruthanne Gordon, Esq. , Michael J. Kane, Esq. , H. Laddie Montague, Jr., Esq. , Argued, Berger & Montague, Roberta D. Liebenberg, Esq. , Adam Pessin, Esq. , Fine Kaplan & Black, Philadelphia, PA, Hilary K. Scherrer, Esq. , Hausfeld, Washington, DC, for Appellants in 14-2794.

Eric L. Bloom, Esq. , Hangley Aronchick Segal Pudlin & Schiller, Harrisburg, PA, for Appellant in 14-2795.

William F. Cavanaugh, Jr., Esq. , Argued, Stephanie M. Gyetvan, Esq. , Adeel A. Mangi, Esq. , Patterson, Belknap, Webb & Tyler, New York, N.Y., for Appellees Hersey Co. & Hersey Canada Inc.

Nicole L. Castle, Esq. , McDermott, Will & Emery, New York, N.Y., David Marx, Esq. , Argued, McDermott, Will & Emery, Chicago, IL, Stefan M. Meisner, Esq. , McDermott Will & Emery, Washington, DC, for Appellees Mars Inc. & Mars Snackfood United States LLC.

Peter E. Moll, Esq. , Argued, Daniel J. Howley, Esq. , Cadwalader Wickersham & Taft, Adam L. Hudes, Esq. , Stephen M. Medlock, Esq. , Carmine R. Zarlenga, III, Esq. , Mayer Brown, Washington, DC, for Appellee Nestle USA Inc.

Before: FISHER, HARDIMAN and ROTH, Circuit Judges.


OPINION OF THE COURT

In these consolidated antitrust conspiracy cases, two groups of plaintiffs, one a certified class of direct purchasers of chocolate products ("the Direct Purchaser Class"), and the other a group of individual plaintiffs ("the Individual Plaintiffs") (collectively, "the Plaintiffs"), appeal the...

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