COALITION TO DEFEND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION v. BROWN

Nos. 11-15100, 11-15241.

674 F.3d 1128 (2012)

COALITION TO DEFEND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION; Integration and Immigrant Rights and Fight for Equality by any Means Necessary, (BAMN); Defend Affirmative Action Party, (DAAP); Issamar Camacho; Jeremy Bamidele; Maria Belman; Jonathan Brooks; Christian Ivan Burgos; Mayra Casillas; Bianca Centeno; Calvin Jevon Cochran; Adan De La Cruz, by his next friend Luis De La Cruz; Omar Serag Eldin, by his next friend Gamil Serag Eldin; Jose Flores; Michelle Flores, by her next friend Victoria Barranco; Jenesis Fonseca, by her next friend Angelica Ledezma; Gabriela Galicia; Iliana Gallaga; Jose Garcia; Miyuki Gomez, by her next friend Rosa Maria Gomez; Patricia Gonzalez; Anthony Keoki Gracia; Rabiah Harrison; Rose Anita Hernandez; Zaira Hernandez; Daniel De Jesus Herrera; Brenda Iglesias; Jessica Jimenez; Sarah Kim; Dominique Lofgren; Antonio Love; Nayeli A. Maravillas, by her next friend Martin Maravillas; Gabriela Martinez, by her next friend Dora Martinez; Javier Meza; Gladys Morales, by her next friend Rocio Morales; Jalima Morales; Aislyn T. Namanga; Han Kyul Noh, by his next friend Lucia Noh; Nicholas Ogbuehi; Auria Perez; Maria Elena Polanco, by her next friend Adela Santibana; Japhinma Power; Merari Ramirez; Nancy J. Rodriguez, by her next friend Lucia Castillo; Aaron Sampson; Andrew Sanchez; Dominique Short-Thomas; Alejandra Solis, by her next friend Rosa Desormaux; Desiree Tienturier; Jasmine Tovar, by her next friend Luz Tovar; Brenda Trujillo; Jose Roberto Valenzuela; Ruby Villarruel, by her next friend Olivia Villarruel; Jerrica Webb; Tanisha West; Amber Williams, by her next friend Carlette King-Williams; Ricardo Zazueta, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Edmund G. BROWN, Jr., in his official capacity as Governor of the State of California; Mark Yudof, in his official capacity as President of the University of California, Defendants-Appellees, and Ward Connerly; American Civil Rights Foundation, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellees. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action; Integration and Immigrant Rights and Fight for Equality by any Means Necessary, (BAMN); Defend Affirmative Action Party, (DAAP); Issamar Camacho; Jeremy Bamidele; Maria Belman; Jonathan Brooks; Christian Ivan Burgos; Mayra Casillas; Bianca Centeno; Calvin Jevon Cochran; Adan De La Cruz, by his Next Friend Luis De La Cruz; Omar Serag Eldin, by his Next Friend Gamil Serag Eldin; Jose Flores; Michelle Flores, by her Next Friend Victoria Barranco; Jenesis Fonseca, by her next friend Angelica Ledezma; Gabriela Galicia; Iliana Gallaga; Jose Garcia; Miyuki Gomez, by her next friend Rosa Maria Gomez; Patricia Gonzalez; Anthony Keoki Gracia; Rabiah Harrison; Rose Anita Hernandez; Zaira Hernandez; Daniel De Jesus Herrera; Brenda Iglesias; Jessica Jimenez; Sarah Kim; Dominique Lofgren; Antonio Love; Nayeli A. Maravillas, by her next friend Martin Maravillas; Gabriela Martinez, by her next friend Dora Martinez; Javier Meza; Gladys Morales, by her next friend Rocio Morales; Jalima Morales; Aislyn T. Namanga; Han Kyul Noh, by his next friend Lucia Noh; Nicholas Ogbuehi; Auria Perez; Maria Elena Polanco, by her next friend Adela Santibana; Japhinma Power; Merari Ramirez; Nancy J. Rodriguez, by her next friend Lucia Castillo; Aaron Sampson; Andrew Sanchez; Dominique Short-Thomas; Alejandra Solis, by her next friend Rosa Desormaux; Desiree Tienturier; Jasmine Tovar, by her next friend Luz Tovar; Brenda Trujillo; Jose Roberto Valenzuela; Ruby Villarruel, by her next friend Olivia Villarruel; Jerrica Webb; Tanisha West; Amber Williams, by her next friend Carlette King-Williams; Ricardo Zazueta, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Edmund G. Brown, Jr., in his official capacity as Governor of the State of California, Defendant, Mark Yudof, in his official capacity as President of the University of California, Defendant-Appellant, and Ward Connerly; American Civil Rights Foundation, Defendants-Intervenors.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed April 2, 2012.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

George B. Washington (argued), Shanta Driver (argued), Detroit, MI, and Ronald Cruz , Oakland, CA, Scheff, Washington & Driver, P.C., for the plaintiffs-appellants.

Antonette B. Cordero (argued), Office of the California Attorney General, Los Angeles, CA, and Andrew W. Stroud and Margaret C. Toledo , Mennemeier, Glassman & Stroud LLP, Sacramento, CA, for defendant-appellee Governor Edmund G. Brown, Jr.

Bradley S. Phillips (argued), Michelle T. Friedland , and Soraya C. Kelly , Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for defendant-cross-appellant Mark Yudof.

Ralph W. Kasarda (argued) and Daniel A. Himebaugh , Pacific Legal Foundation, Sacramento, CA, for intervenors-defendants Ward Connerly and American Civil Rights Foundation.

Anthony T. Caso , Law Office of Anthony T. Caso, Orange, CA, for amici curiae Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence and California Association of Scholars.

James S. Detamore , Mountain States Legal Foundation, Lakewood, CO, for amici curiae Mountain States Legal Foundation and Center for Equal Opportunity.

Michael Rosman , Center for Individual Rights, Washington, D.C., for amicus curaie Center for Individual Rights.

David R. Cole , the Arizona Attorney General's Office, Phoenix, AZ, for amicus curiae State of Arizona.

Kenneth C. Yeager , Drociak, Yeager & Associates, Los Angeles, CA, for amici curiae Los Angeles NAACP and California Branches.

Wilson R. Huhn , Pepper Pike , OH, for amicus curiae Committee of Law Professors and Historians.

Winifred V. Kao , Asian Law Caucus, San Francisco, CA, for amicus curiae California Social Science Researchers and Admissions Experts.

Opinion by Judge SILVERMAN; Partial Concurrence and Partial Dissent by Judge TASHIMA.


OPINION

SILVERMAN, Circuit Judge:

Plaintiffs are California high school and college students who allege that section 31 of article I of the California Constitution violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and causes the unfair exclusion of African American, Latino, and Native American students from higher education. They seek to enjoin Governor Edmund G. Brown and Mark Yudof, President of the University of California, from enforcing...

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