U.S. FOOTBALL LEAGUE v. NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE

Nos. 1189, 1430, Dockets 87-7137, 87-7271.

842 F.2d 1335 (1988)

UNITED STATES FOOTBALL LEAGUE, Arizona Outlaws, Baltimore Stars Football Associates, Birmingham Stallions, Ltd., Chicago USFL Limited Partnership, Chicago Football Franchise Limited Partnership, Denver Gold Sports, Inc., Houston Gamblers Ltd., IMI Express, Inc., Jax Professionals, Inc., LAEFC, Ltd., Memphis Showboats, Ltd., Football Generals, Inc., Bay Area Football Partners Ltd., Breakers Limited Partnership, South Texas Sports, Inc., and Orlando Football Partners, Inc., Plaintiffs-Appellants, Cross-Appellees, v. NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE, the Five Smiths, Inc., Indianapolis Colts, Inc., Buffalo Bills, Inc., Chicago Bears Football Club, Inc., Cincinnati Bengals, Inc., Cleveland Browns, Inc., Dallas Cowboys Football Club, Inc., Rocky Mountain Empire Sports, Inc., the Detroit Lions, Inc., Green Bay Packers, Inc., Houston Oilers Inc., Los Angeles Rams Football Company, Minnesota Vikings Football Club, Inc., New England Patriots Football Club, Inc., New Orleans Saints Louisiana Partnership, New York Football Giants, Inc., New York Jets Football Club Inc., the Philadelphia Eagles Football Club, Pittsburgh Steelers Sports, Inc., St. Louis Football Cardinals Co., Chargers Football Company, San Francisco Forty-Niners, Ltd., Tampa Bay Area NFL Football, Inc., Pro-Football Inc., Kansas City Chiefs Football Club, Inc., Miami Dolphins, Ltd., Seattle Professional Football and Alvin R. Rozelle, individually and as Commissioner of the National Football League, Defendants-Appellees, Cross-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Decided March 10, 1988.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Harvey D. Myerson, New York City (Lloyd S. Clareman, Arthur H. Ruegger, Mark E. Segall, Daniel J. Cooper, Douglas R. Pappas, Finley, Kumble, Wagner, Heine, Underberg, Manley, Myerson & Casey, New York City, of counsel), for plaintiffs-appellants, cross-appellees.

Frank Rothman, and Robert B. Fiske, Jr., New York City (William H. Mulligan, Barry H. Garfinkel, Shepard Goldfein, Douglas B. Adler, Seth B. Schafler, Michael H. Roffer, Deborah A. Garza, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, and L. Gordon Harriss, Robert M. Buschmann, Davis Polk & Wardwell, New York City, John Vanderstar, Paul J. Tagliabue, L. Jeffrey Pash, Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C., of counsel), for defendants-appellees, cross-appellants.

Before CARDAMONE, PIERCE and WINTER, Circuit Judges.


WINTER, Circuit Judge:

This appeal follows a highly publicized trial and jury verdict of $1.00. The plaintiff is a now-defunct professional football league that began play in this decade; the defendant is a football league founded nearly seventy years ago. The older of the two leagues, the National Football League, is a highly successful entertainment product. So many Americans watched NFL games between 1982 and 1986 that its twenty-eight teams shared $2.1 billion...

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